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GETTYSBURG 

A JOURNEY TO AMERICA'S 

GREATEST BATTLEGROUND 

IN PHOTOGRAPHS 




soi.MiKits wiin I'orciiT \T (;rn"Ysni ii(, m\i!iiii\(. iiiititicMi thk \\iiii\\i. ( mmtai, at 
\v\>iii\(,r(iN ON riir.ii{ way iuimi; i kdm mi; war imiotoguaimi is'i itii\i)'» i\ is(i.-, 



GETTYSBURG 

A Journey to America's Greatest 

Battleground in Photographs 

taken by the World's First War 

Photographers while the 

Battle was being Fought 



OFFICIAL PRESENTATION 
SEMI-CENTENNIAL EDITION 



TEXT BY 

FRANCIS TREVELYAN MILLER 

(LITT.D.. LL.D.) 

Editor-in-Chief of "The Photographic History of the Civil War," Editor-in-Chief of The 

Search-Light Library 

ILLUSTRATIONS FROM "THE PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR" 



Copyright 1913 
Patriot Publishing Co.. Springfield, Mass. 



NEW YORK 
THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS COMPANY 

1913 



^ 








AiMii.i.Kin \\AHi\(. IN Tin; iTi:i.i> (II ii\i-iKS().\ Till-; i;\iii,i;(,U(.i nd w i,i nv-~i!i 

'©CI.A;j'4 78 8 5 




nioriX.KAl'll TAKKX 1!V ISUAUV Ul KlNCi THE BATTLE L\ 1SI« 




t^-^'^^itZMil^^iSi^ 



I'l^^i'"'- I III \\"i;i I' - 1 iK~i \\ \i; ni(iri)i.,];Ai'iii,i;. n\ rm; i; \ i i i.ij.iidi \ii \r (,i. ii'i-hi k(, i\ i,s,i 



iRniralrii iu IJhutniiiraplis (Takni tlurtnij thr IHaltlr 

TIIK BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG AT A (JLAXCE— thai is the 
purpose of tliese pages. Eminent historians and military authorities 
have frequently deseribed this great liattle in detail, lint il is the 
privilege of this little book to place before the American people the 
actual photographic witnesses of the terrific internecine struggle that 
entered into the molding of our civilization. 

Xo work of modern times has created such world-wide interest as the recent 
l)reservation of the historic Brady-Gardner GoHection of Photographs, taken on 
the battlefields of the American Civil War. under the protection of the Secret 
Service and with the official sanction of the government. 

The wonderful story of Mathew Brady, the world's first war photographer: 
how he carried the new invention of modern pholograi)liy onto the battlegrounds; 
how he i^erpetuated the scenes in the trenches, behind tlie fortifications, and on 
the firing-lines, so that Americans for thousands of years to come may look back 
ujjon that "tragic fratricidal strife of the twentieth century" — all these form a 
dramatic story in the annals of science and war tliat will become folk-lore for the 
future generaticms. 

A magnificent memorial to this great achievement has recently been con- 
summated by several American historians who have organized the famous Bra<ly 
Collection, together with the collections of more than twenty other i)ion(>er war 
photographers, into a monumental work in ten volumes known as "The Photo- 
graphic History of the Civil War." In further commemoration of this notable 
achievement, the historic photographs that relate directly to the Battle of Gettys- 
l)iu-g have been organized into this little supplementary volume as a semi-cen- 
teimial tribute to American valor. 

This l)ook. therefore, is in the nature of a selection of about 100 |)rints from 
the 4,000 photographs that are permanently recorded in tiie standard len-xolume 
library. They ai-e j)re.sented in historical .sequence so that they tell the whok' 
story of Gettysburg, from the beginning of the campaign to the firing of the last 
gun, more impressively and heroically than the pen of the historian has ever been 
able to describe. Around these jjliotograpliic witnesses is interwoven in text the 
essential historical facts regarding the battle, thus formulating a valuable little 
volume that may very properly be called .V II.VXDBOOK OX GETTVSBLT{(;. 

Tup: Publishers. 




ui:i.ii;r .\i.\r ui mi. i;\i ii.i.i ii,i,i) oi (.im r'».-.iti m.. i,(kiki\(, .-,(m m 



I. <liaiMl..rsl.iir« piki- l.ri.lp' i.vrr WilloiiKlihy ( n-.k— livKiniiiiif! iif tlii- Imtll.' of tli.' lir.-l .lay. i. M< I'luTMm.s farm aii.l w.khIs. 
:t. Uailway nilv 1. .'^.■miliary. .->. Oak Hill. (i. Carlislr l{..a.l. 7. Ilarrlshiirf! It..a.l liri.lg.- dv.t H.K-k (nt-k. S. Ilanov.r Hm.kI. 
!l. \V,.lf Hill. 10. Ciilp', Hill. 11. Kasl Cnii.t.ry Hill. li. < ■.iial.ry Hill. Ui. Zi.gkrs Crove. 14. Mea.lcs li<a<l(|uarUrs .in 




FROM A I'HOTOfiRAI'H OK A HKLIKl- MAI' iJV AMKIJOSK K I.KIIMAX. C. K. 



the- Taii.-ylown Ruail. 1.5. .s|.Kiini\ hra,l(|iiai-l,Ts ,,ii I'cnvri'., Hill. Id. CiKlnri's. IT. (■.■!.., •l.-ry Kiil-c IS. Little Rcniml Top. 
lit. Ruuiul Tup. '2(t. D.■vi|■.^ IK-ii. '21. WlH-at-fi.-l.i. 2'.'. Tru^llc's farm. -ili. IVa.h Oivliard. H. .Srniinary Ki.lge. 
19 to io. About extreme rif^lit of Longstrect's line. 




wiii.ui: A wnwv. (;i;\i;i{\i, fki.t, RI:^■^'()I.I)s at (iirn ^simkc 



It was linr, iii-ar llic Ir.c at 111.' r<h^i- uf llu- rnad. thai Alajni-GciiiTal J<iliii V. Royiiolds nit-l liis dcalli 
wliilr ridiiij; mil of Mcl'li.r.nir. Woods lo llu- Cornli. Id lo ncoiiiioil.T. Diiriiiir llu first day's l.atlk- tliis 
]ifaccfid i-onili. Id was I i'aiii|>l('d imdci fool l)y llif Miiiriiif,' ( 'orifi-dcratf liiu-s. It was liciv llial uocurrid 
one of the .-arly crises of Ih,- Haiti.- of (i.-t tyshiirg. 



ALL ROADS LEAD TO (iETTYSBlRC. -Every Ainciicaii iV.ls al 
some time in his litV tiiat he would like in make I lie jouriu'v to 
Gettyshuru'. Il is to the Anu'rican what Waterloo is to the Eiii'o- 
peaii. It is more Ihaii that — it is the haltlegroiind not alone of 
i^reat military si rale^y, Imt of a people's valor and a people's ideals 
— the ei'ux of Ameriean eharaeter. 

To tli(> Xortherner il means that here his patriot fathers met a worthy foe; 
that here Ihey withstood a ureal army that was heroically struiiglins; to sweeji 
into the Xortli and eventually to march victoriously into the nation's capital; 
that here they struck a decisive Mow that gave them the hope and courage which 
was soon to "save the Union." 

To the Southerner it means that liei-<^ his kin fought more gallantly than the 
Scots on the Field of Flodden: ihal liere Ihey reached the highest point in the 
days of the Old Confederacy: thai here Ihey l)le(l and died under the inspiring 
conuuand of the great Lee. 

To the American it means that here the two U()l)lest armies in the annals of 
mankind fought for princii)les which each believed to lie just — only soon to meet 
on the same battleground as a re-united jieople and clasp hands in loving brother- 
hood. 

To the world it means that undei- the flag of a republic — in a non-military 
nation — the two mightiest armies of citizen-soldiery in the world's history an- 
swered the call of duty in di-feiiM' of that which was dearest to them and then 
(Jisi)erscd in peace to return lo the pursuits of industry and thrift on the moment 
the issue was decided. 

Every American should go to ricltysburg; every foreign-born traveler 
should go lo Oettysburg; il makes one jjroud that he lives in a world where men 
.ind women are willing to lay down their li\'es for the sake of a principle. But 
far mori — it makes them feel thai the mediiun of decision — the resort to arms 
as the arbiter — is too cruel, loo cosily, loo iiduunau to long exist; thai il belongs 
to a passing civilization, and Ihal the human race will some time find that justice 
is not borne (jn the point of the swoi-d; tliat life, and the willingness of men to 
sacrifice it for their country, is moic precious than the \ictory. 

Pass leisurely over the battleground of (lettysburg in these |)ages — look 
upon the blood-stained fields of valoi', and then decide for yoin'self whether in 
this world of human events the time is not to come when reason sliall rule and 
"might shall no longer make right" — when there shall be no moic need for 
Gettvsburys. 



On the Road to Gettysburg 




ri(;irn\(; tiikik \va\ ro iiik i{\rr(,i; of ci-rrvsiuMtr. 

'^lli^ rcrii;irkalil<' |.liiil<i-i:i|ili i.f llic InMip^ liallliiiii llicir u;iy liiwanl ( irl Iv-liin ;; is ly|>i(;il nl llic priceless 
reel in l> lift liy llic woriil's lirsl \v;ir |iliiiliiL;ra|)licrs. 'I'lic camera was llicti a new irixcriliori; it was ii pioneer 
science, rc(|iiirin;,' alisoliite kii<)\vle(l;;e, training' and experience. Only ex]ierls like the men thai Brady 
trained ciiiild dii such work as lliis. 'I'here was no li;.;iitiiin^ shutters, no auloniatic or universal focus. Iti 
positions of (kinder and at times wlien speed and accuracy were re<|uired, there was the delicacy of the 
olil-fashioncd wcl plate to consider, with all its drawhacks. Xo wonder |)cople were surprised that j)ictures 
such as this exist, 'i'ln^y hail urowii used to the old woodcut and llic ol'Icn nmlilalcd allem|)ls of pen and 
pencil to portray such scenes of action. 



Sixty Days Before the Battle 




:\rE\ WHO WERE SOOX TO BE EXr.Ar.EP TX TTTE GREAT BATTLE 

Tlicre arc many who never knew llial pliDtn^rapliy was |i(issilile in llie ("]\\\ War. \i-\ look al IIlh I'nion 
l)attery, taken by tlie sliore of the Rappaliannoek, just before the battle of Chanc'ellorsville. Action, 
movement, portraiture are shown. We can hear the officer .standint; in front fjiving liis orders. His fiiiTire, 
leanmg .sliglilly forward, is tense witli sj)oken word-- of cunnnand The <-aini(incers, resting, or ramming 
home file cliarges, are magnificent types of the men w'lo made tiie .Vrmy of the Potomac —the army doomed 
to sufTer, a few days after tliis ])ictnre was taken, its crushing repnfse l)y tiie famous flanking ciiarge of 
' Stonewall"' Jackson. Within sixty days after the rhancellor>ville defeat the tri)oi)s engaged won a signal 
triumph over the self-same oi)])onents at (ict ty-linrg. 



On the Road to Gettysburg 




ii.\\Ki\(. (;r\> iiivr kkac iikd (.I'.TT'isiu |{(; 



This reniarkaMy .spirited |>li<iti>|.Tapli of Kallrry 1), Sicimd 
1'. S. Arlilli-ry. was. according to tin- pliolojjrapluT'.s accoiiiit. 
lakt'ii just as tlif Imttrry was loading to ciifiaftc willi tlir Coii- 
fi'di-rali-.. Till- order. "laiilioiiifrs to your posts," had just 
lMi-ti pvi-n, and the nii-n. rniininj; up. lalh-d to the pholoj;ra|)h<T 



to luirry his wagon out of the wa.v unU-ss he wished to pain a place 
for his name in the list of casualties. The month Ix'fore Gelty.s- 
l)urg. the Sixth Corps had madi' its third suc<H>.s.sful cnissing of 
the UappahanniH'lv. as the advance of lliniker's niuvenient 
against I^-e. IJattery I> at once took position with other artillery 




.\urii,i.i;KV Tii.vr i-oigiit .\t (iKiTv.smuG 



This is another photograph taken uniler fin- and shows us Italtery provoked the (ire of the Confcileniles. who supposi-d that tlie 

It. First I'enu-ylvania Light .\rlillery. whieh fought at Gellys- rimning forwaril of the artillerist.s was with hostile int.'ut. The 

l)Urg. in action a year later liefon- I'etcrsliurg. Hrady. the < onfeilerate guns frightened Urad.v's horse which nin otf with his 

veteran photographer, ol.taineil pernii>«ion to take ji picture of wagon anil his a.vsistanl. upsetting and .hvstroying his chemicals. 

"C'tKipcr's Itattety." in posiliuu for Ijultle. The first atliinpt In thi- picture to thi- li-ft. Captain .James II. CiH.per himself is 



Thirty Days Before the Battle 




Mm^ 



,.v # 




CA.WOXEKHS AT THKIl! POST OX ITUIXC-LIXE 

oul in tlu- fields iiiMr llic ruins of tin- Mansli.-Jd |],.um-. In tin- tnp()j)s liad already |iil.lird I heir doj; l,nls. Belter protection 

rear of the Ijattery the- veteran W-rnionl liri^ade was aelini; as was soon aH'orded liy the slmnt; line of i-arlhwork.s wliieh \V!is 

sii[)i)ort. Tu their rear was the bank of the river skirted l>y llirnw]i u|i and ..eru|pir.l l,y Ihr Sixth C.rps. IJallery D was 

trees. The ^rwv of white poplars to the right surrounded the pre,,-nl at tlic- lir^l l.altle ..t Bull Run. 'I'h.y fought at (.u-ttys- 

Mansfield house. With eharacteristie coolness, .some of the liury tsvo years later. 




RHADV TO OI'KX I'lRK IX Till-; Tl{i:\< IIKS 

sei^n Iranini; ..u a swnnl al Ihe exlrenie rinhl. I.ieuleuaul Mlll.r .dler llie i.iclun- w.i. laL.u. This reun^vlvania B.illery suffered 

is the M-e,,nd lij^ur.' fn.iu the I.-fl. Li.-uh-uaul Alrorii is ii.xl, -naler lo^ Ihari any niher voluiiLrr ruion h.iilery; its reeonl 

to the left from Caiilain CooiK.r. I.ieuleuaul .lam. -^ A. ( ..-irdn.-r. ..f ,aMiallie> in. hid.- -.'1 l.ilh.l :,u,l .li.-.l ..f w..uu.ls. an.l .Vi 

just behind the [jrorninent lii;un' wilh III.' hav.asa.k in III.' niilil w.nm.le.l .■..inni.im; l.-.liui.in\ ..f lli.- I'a.t lliat Ihroufjhovit 

.seelion .)f Ihe piehiri-. i.l.'nlili.-.l tie ■^.■ m.niber^ alrrioM 1-7 M-.ir^ Ihe war its m.-n >l.>.i.| l>rav.-l> I., lli.ir i^nns. 



On the Road to Gettysburg 




i-i;ki.i\(. i()|{ i.kks .\ion 

Itall'Tv I), Sccnnil rnili-il Stiitc-s Artillf-ry. Ciciini; iiilo Artion. Jniu- .j. lsil:i. Tliis was part «! Ilir rrcimiiaiviiicc in furiv under Solp- 
uiik. wlioni lliMikcT iiriltT<<l to crosj* lUrw miles li-low Kreil<Ti(ksl>iirf; mi .Iiinc :iil ami (inil onl if Ln-'s army slill lu-M its old posilinn. 
riif cavidry liail l>ri>iij;lil in rcpiirl.s of some ni-w niovrnicnl \>y the Army of Xorllicni Vir;;inia. and II<H)ktT IH-Iicviil thai unutlu-r 
invasion of tin- Norlli was im|>rndini;. ll was impcrativi- lliat tins shoulil lie c-licckrd al onti-. Kviry olTort was made to disc-ovc-r 

111.- rr.d po.jll..,, ,,' (!„■ Canf.-,!, r.it.s in nnl.r I.. L'ivi- l.alli.-. I.,v. „n liis si.lr. wa nallv anxions for a d.-<-isivc .•ni;ai;i-nicnt. Tin- 




I 111 \(>urii a(;ai\ tiii{i:ati:m:i> 

ll was tilis Virginia villaKi- (sr^■•nl.\ -livr niil.s from Wasliinsjlon. on llir Oraimi- & Alixandria liailroa.li llial l^-- cliosf as llir p<iinl of 
lonrrnlralion for liis forrrs pr.paralory lo liis lasl ilarin^ invasion of llic Norlli. wliicli riidrd at (ii-llyslnirK. (illpi'prr was noslraiijirr 
lo war's alarms Two liri^ailis of I'l.asonlon's cavalry w.ri- srni olT liy II.M.ki-r on .Imii' "111 to drlinilily ili-li-rmini' l^-c's position, 
liidim: in tlic- ilinction of ( ulp.p.r. liny ran into a similar fi^rri- of llir Coiifidcratrs nnihr Stnarl. « liicli proved too strom; for the 



Just Before the Battle 




-i'\i!i:i\i. ni;i i m;i: i.i; i \\ -r.i im. 



vir|..r.v al ( li.iM.rllucvill,- h.ul rl.il,-,l 111,- C, ,iilV, l.TH v «illi lu.],,.. of rarly riTdsniticm liy Eiinipr. Kx:i.;j;.Tilr,l Tv|,,,rls of ilisaffoc- 
tioii ill (III' Xoilii Iril l!ir (o.MTiiinriil :i I KirliiiioTiil lo iirsTc ml immediate advance. Lee pioinplly coiiiiilied. His sli-oiii;est liope 
was lliat he niiylil draw Hooker into a position wiiei.' Ilie Federals could be advantageously attacki-d and a I.Ioh slniek that woiiM 
en.l 111.- war. So eleverly was Le-s niovenn-nt iiiaskd l,y tlie resislauee of Hill'-s Corps t.. Howes division of lli,- Sixth ( orps on 
.Inne .-.III Ihal .-ed.Mui.-k was ,l,-reive,l int.. n-p..rli!iL; lliil III ■ yn-at.-r p,>rlion ..f L.-e's f,.re,- still li.-hl lli,-ir ol.l p,.siti,,!is. 




(ii.rKrKU (oi !{ r iioi sk 



K.-.|.-rai-. ■|'li.-,-ii.-,.nnt.-rl.-ri n..,l..iil.l in l|....k.-r's niin.l Ihal I,.-.- was pn-|.arin^' f..r an .-i,i;i;ressiv.- iii..v.in.-nl .-il li.-r .-ii;.-iiiisl WasliiiiKlon 
or into M.ii->lan,l, On .Inn.- I:;i|i it «as ,-1,-ar I lial l,,-,-«as iii.-i,siiifr hi- fon-.-s in lli,- .|ii-,-,-l ion of ( nlpi-p.-r. llo..k.r.il ..n.-.- l..-f;an 
till-.. uini; his liii.-s ,,nl tou.-ird (•ul|..|..-i-. \i illi t h.- piirp.>s,- ,.f k.-.-pin.; al.r.-asi ..f I,,-.- I.y a.h .-in.in- s,.ul li .,f I h.- Bin.- Ui,li;. — anil 
Ihi- ra(-e IV.r llii- l'..t..niae was on. This pietnri- was taken in .\..vi>niljer. lM(i:i. when (nlpep.T was oi-.-upii-.l l.y Ih.- K.-.l.-rals. 



On the Road to Gettysburg 



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Ambulances on Way to the Battle 




Tliis ])Ii(iI(il;i-;i|)1i sIkiws 1<> wlial a slalc of pcrfccl ion, in ili-ill ,-iiiii ciinipnicnl , llic ,iiiiliiilaiic<' scr\irc of liic 
I'nion armies liaii liccii liinnuiil li.v Jnly, ISd:!. Tlic ca-,! Ic mi I lie ainlinlan<'c c-iirlailis iiulicatcs llic Ivi- 
i;inc(T CoT'p-.. 'riic lillli- \ii;ncllc Ik'Iow tlic larijiT |iii()l(ii;i-a|iii siiows the liain iiiiliarTU'sscd aTiii al I'csl. 
Startinfi' willi a medical dcparl rnciil scarcely adeipiale lur ele\-eii llionsand men in lime of peace. Ilie ani- 
linlaiice service was nllimalcly increased. devcNipcd, and (ii-uani/,ed inlo a \;isl adminisi r.-il i\-e niedico- 
militan' macliine. wcirkini; smci(illd\- in .dl its ramilical ions .and me<'linu elIici<Miliy llie ne<'iis of a I'drcc 
aiiiii'euatini;'. ,al one lime, neafly :i million men. exposed lo llie lir'c of an alile opponcnl . .ancj \'ei'y ol'lcii 
eomp(dle(| lo oper-ate under nnl'.a\dral)le eondilions .and .annd nnlicall Id'nl siirroundin^s. 'Idie depai-tmcnt, 
lironnlil order- onl ol' cli.aos. lie.dlli iVoni disease. ,ind sni'c<',jse from snllcrinu. in a manner .and to a decree 
|)revi()iisli,' iiuparalleied. Il.s ucliit'Venu'ut.s must elialleii^e llic adinirat,ii)ii ol' luedicul men for all time. 



Warriors at Gettysburg 




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(§x\ tijr ^attlrijrnuuit at ^rttysburg 

A phuimtujr tn thr ^hnur uf Amrrtrau Ualnr 

MORE THAN TWO IIIXDRED THOUSAND pilgrims visil tli(> 
liattlcgrouiid of (ieltysl)urg' every year. The peaceful liltlc 
village, which was founded four years after the Declaration of 
American Independt'nce, lies cradled in the gentle slopes of tlie 
Blue Ridge A[ountaii)s in soullii'rn PcMuisylvania. Away to Ihi' 
south — a Ix'aiiliful I'ide of seven miles in Ihe cool of the morning wht-n the meadow- 
lark dii)s gi'acefully over the lilies in the marshland and the hiown-thrush warbles 
in the glen — the mountain roads lead to the horderline of Maryland. Orchards 
and liroad fields testify to the tin-ift of the country folk; sheep graze on the 
hillsides, and the cattle hend ovei- the clear, cool water in creeks that once ran 
crimson with the hlood of men. 

As we enter the little village, over the I'oads along which mighty armies 
marched, we see the industrious townsfolk about their daily loi!. The fertile 
valleys do not seem to speak of wai — they murnnu' only of ])eace and thrift. Then, 
for a moment, wc turn hack the years in our imagination. We seem to hear a 
distant rumbling, like the gathering of tiie thunderclouds. Nearer and nearer 
it comes; the sounds of nuiffled drums and fifes, growing clearer and clearer. 
It is a storm, but not of the winds. There is the call of the bugle. See! Far 
tlown the road there is a flutter of color in the breezi'; there is a flash of steel in 
the light. It is comimg this way — men — ri>gimenls of men — armies of men. They 
are almost here, swee])ing everything from their i)aths — a mighty stream of hunuui 
life; faces set, hearts deternn'ned, flags floating at the head of their columns. 

They seem to come from e\(-ry road, from every hill and every dell — a great 
swaying mass of humanity. Hooding into the valley of peace until the little village 
is choked with men. Before your eyes a great city of tents is rising as if by magic 
— a city peoi)led by grim-visagcd warriors; and, as we stand bewildered at the 
transformation of life, we heai- the v\vnr notes of "Taps" and the steady tread 
of the pickets. The cami)fires flicker along the hills. 

Suddenly the forests burst into flames; the roar of ai'lillci-y rolls through 
the valley; there is a crash of nuisketry, the boom of cannon, ihe clash of sabers. 
.\b()ve the din you can hcai' the gi'oaiis of wounded and the |)i-ayers of the dying; 
the dead lie at your feet. 

The scene blinds the \ision. (ienll\ the clouds arc lifted, their swaying, 
black lines disa])])earing down the valley. There lies the little village before 



Brady War Photographs 





'uiSSSiiC^Sl'- 



riii: III), II WAiKK MAKK oi iiii: ( (»\i i;i)i;KA(V 



Just iis \Vf M-f il heir, the ( 'olilVdciMlcs lii>l s;i\v ( Id I Vshurj,'. l)uuti llic^c rn:\tl-~ aiiil piist llioc lloiises 
llicy iii:irclici| Id I in- liiL;li-\v;ilcr in:iik of tlicir iii\;isii>ii of llu- Nortli. It \\;is (|iiilc iiy accidciil lli.il I lie lit lie 
town lircitiK- III.- IIkmI.t ,>f lli,' cnicial contcsl of tlic Civil Wmp. Oh llic nioniiiii.' "f •luiu- :;illli Ili'tli's 
ilivisioii of (ii-iicr.il |). II. IIiH\ Corps was i7iarcliiii>; upon llic lown finiii llir west. It caini- on coiifi- 
ilriitly, i-X|)ccliii;,' HO resistance, nieaninf^' only to -.ei/e a -iip|i!y of slioes imieli iieedid liy tlir foolNore 
Army of Norlliern \ ir;,'iiii:i. wliieli Iiad ma relied t riniiiplianllx fidin ( 'Mlpe|>er to tlie licarl of I'cnii-yK ania. 
Uelween Iletli's men and llieir uoal lay I \\ o liri;;ades of Federal ea\ali\ under Hnfonl. Ridint; into llie 
town from the o|>|io>ile ilireelion eame Major Kress, sent l>y (ieiieral Wadsuoilii to i.'et llu-~e >anie >hoes 
for liis di\i>ion of llie Federals. lU'fore llie ta\ern Kress found Mnford am! explaini'd liis errand, "^'ou 



On Battleground of Gettysburg 




THK LIT'ILE TOWN OF (.ETTVSlirUC, I'FAXSMAAXIA 



had better return immediately to your (•(DnrnMiid," said ]?iilnrd. "Wiiy. wiiat is llic matter, ficneral?" 
asked Kress. At that instant a single gnu iiooincd in I he distance, and Unfor-d, monnlinn, r-rplifd as lie 
spurred his horse to the galloi), "That's the mailer." The world had never se<n a finer hody ui' fighting men 
than Lee's Army of Xorlhern Virginia, then massing ra|>idl,\- toward ( iel lyslmrg. More than seven fy-tliree 
thousand fi\e hundr<'(l strong they eanie, e\cry man a vi-ti-i-an, (•(inleni|)l nmis of ,id\-ersaries whose superior 
numhers had nexcr yet Keen ma<le to Cdunt r(inii)leti'ly .against tlieni. In the cenler of the |)anoi-ania rises 
Cemetery Ridge, where th.' defeated First anil Kleventli Feder.il Corps sh'pl on their arms on the night of 
July 1st, after having heen dri\'en hack through the town 1)\- the superior forces of Hill and Fwell. 'Pho 
lower eminenee to the right of it is ('ulj)'s Hill. .Vt the extrenu' right of the i)ieture stands Round Top. 



Famous Landmarks at Gettysburg 







i 



I'lUrnMiKAl'II TAKKN UY HKAD'S' A I' MKVDKS ilK \l XjT \l{ ri:i{S NKAR ( I'.MKrKltV IIII.I. 

1)1 i!i\(. HM'ii.i: OF (;i:i'i\-.i!i iji, 




rnolUCIiAI'll TAKKN ItV lill.iv. I in. I%\l ll.l.l II III III. MiK.KArilKU. Al \.V.V:> IIKAIM^I AKII'.Ks 
(' oiynijUUil jiriiil Imiiinl from the Collirlinii of .\fr l( // //y./mi. ,1/ (uUy.shiirg. I'rnii.ii/lratiia.) 



Wn tlir lattl^rl^nl^^ at (6rtti|i5lnmv (Unutinuro 

you; its fields stained willi Mood; its i;rccii hills strewn willi the forms of men. 
bleeding, wounded and dead. 

Look again! It is no longer a battleground. A great eity of white stone 
is reared before you; shafts of marble and linge ])illars of granite; great arehes 
standing like gateways to triiiini)h. Thousands of little flags flutter over the 
mossy mounds. The peace of love rests upon them. 

This is the liattleground of fiettysburg. It is here that we look again into 
the strong face of Lee as he stands at the head of the gallant army of Northern 
Virginia in crucial combat with the courageous Army of the Potomac under jNIeade- 
It is here that b).').(H)0 .Vmerieans — an army greater than that of Napoleon at 
Waterloo — stood before the flaming mouths of .3.50 cannon; iie;irly .'iO.OOO to fall 
from the ranks in dead, woiindeil and missing. 

Let Americans linger here, passing through the village streets in re\-ery. 
Look just ahead of you. To the west is Seminary Ridge, its gentle rise guarded 
by guns. Beyond, lies another line of woodinl hills, at lli(> foot of which is the 
little creek known as Willoiigliby Run, where the battle began. Turn to the south 
of the village; there is Cemetery Ridge, with its long line of monuments, stretch- 
ing from the low, smooth rise of Cemetery Hill with its earthworks yet intact. 
Silhouetted against the horizon more than two miles away are the rocky peaks 
of Little Round Top, surmounted by a bronze statue of (ieneral Warren, its de- 
fender. There is Big Rcjund Top, with an observatory on its summit from which 
can be .seen the lines of battle. 

What memories cluster about th(Mn: what tragedies gather around them! 
There, to the westward, lies a fertile plain. Culi)"s Hill raises its heavily wooded 
crown with its bullet-scarred trees. Before us lie the Peach Orchard and the 
Wheatfield. once trampled by armies; the Devil's Den, the Whirlpool of Death, 
and the Bloody Angle — each telling its own tragic story. It is a vision of hill — 
hills everywhere as if Nature knew that this was to b(> one of the world's greatest 
battlegrounds, and so, like a master strategist, erected its bulwarks surrounding 
the town. 

The i)ilgrim lingers first at the "silent city of the dead," where nearly 4,000 
warriors lie sleeping in the lK)som of the hill which is now con.secrated as a 
National Cemetery. At the entrance is reared a beautiful gate, with its two stjuare 
pillars surmounted by eagles with outspread wings. Within this sacred "Cod's 
Acre," he sees the level greensward divided into sections by avenues, each plot 
dotted with granite markers which memorialize the last resting place of a soldier 
who fell during those historic July days in LSO;). hi front of each section stand 
shaftsof granite bearing the name of the state from which the martyred soldiers came. 



Battle-line at Gettysburg 




tL ■■ ~ — ?"• 












7. 5 y. 






^- r. • i^ t "it - 



(§\\ tltr iliattl^l;^nntll^ at (Islrttiuiltunj— (Enutiuurii 

In the coiitor of the .semicircle of gnnes lowers the sixty-tivc foot National 
IMonnnienl, whose cornerstone was hiid two years after the great battle when 
General Meaile, the leader of I hi- Federal forces in the terrific sti'uggU', delivered 
the dedicatory address. On the lop of the memorial, stands a colossal figure of 
Liberty resting lightly upon I hree-(|uarters of a glolte; in her right hand is the 
victor's laurel, while her left hand gathers llie folds of the National Flag. The 
giant base of the figure is twenty-five feet square, and at each coi-ner are the 
allegorical figures of War, History, Peace and Plenty. 

The greatest interest, ]iowe\'er. is probably in the National Park, an immense 
reservation covering '24,4(i() acres, which, when completed, will be seamed with 
more than one hundred miles of macadamized roads and "battle avenues." Here 
and there are huge observation towers from which the sightseer may gaze upon 
the battlefield as it lookt'd to the warriors on the hill crests a half-century ago. 

(iettysl)urg is the most com])letcly marked battleground in the world. More 
than .300 memorial shafts, statues and tablets, in addition to more than 1,000 
markers, record the movements of regim(>nts and di\isions as th< y reached the 
field and mark their shifts to vantage jjoints in the three days' battle which is 
unfolded before the tourist. 

Look where we may — there are still visible marks of the great battle. Houses 
l)ear the scars of bullets and Minie balls. One old homestead ])r()udly retains 
a big solid c;uinon shot imbedded in its brickwork just where it landed from a 
Confederate gun. Ti'ees "with scarred and shattered trunks, gnarled lind)s and 
twisted l)oughs beai- silent evidence to the awful rain of shot and shell." Wlicre- 
ever we may go — whether in the Old World or the New World — there can be no 
hours more memorable in the li\('s of Americans than to spend at least one day 
at Gettysburg. 



"For every wrealli lli<- viili.r wears 
Th.- vaiu|iiMie(l lialf may daini; 
An.l .-very ni..lUMn.Mil .le, lare. 
.\ e.iriiriK.n pri.le an.l fame. 

"Wi> raise no allar slones I., Mate, 
Wlio never l.owecl lo I'.-ar: 
No provitic-e eroiielic's at your gate. 
To shame our tr'uimpli here." 



Brady at Gettysburg 




•ItKVNOLDS I'KLL, WITH SOIL I NQl .\KIN(i" 

MCI'IIKII-SIIn's WIMIDS AT (JETTV.SUll«i — ILLISTIHTIDN H1U L\Tim<)l''s "oDk' 



Miillli.w Itniilv tin- «i/iiril win, pn-sirvnl sc, inimy war .si-.nr.s. is licrc pizint; ncniss llir (Mil Inward llii- w.mhIs wlicn- R.-vncUls f. II. 
AImiiiI liii ii'iliMk ill llic iiiiiriiinK. Jul.. Ist, tin- liripiili- of llu- ('(mfcilrralr CiciiiTul ArcliiT anil the l''riliriil "Iron Hridadr," dinTti-d jiy 
(iriii nil Ui-vimlils, wirr ImiIIi Irjinp to .sc<-iirc rontriil of llii.s Mrip. llrynoUl.s wius on lior.Ml«i<k in llu' ttlgi- of the wotxls. impatient for 
III"' lriiiip> 111 1 nine up so lliat lie could make llie advance. As lie turneil onei- lo .'ii'e liow elo,se tliey were, a C"onfedenite sliurp.slicwter 
from Ihr ill pllis of the Ihieket hit him in the luiek of the head. He fell dead without a word. General Hunt says of him: "He had 
o|Miiei| lirilli.iiilly a liatlle wliiih reiiuired three days of hard hghtinf; lo clo-so with a victory. To him may Ik- appliixl in a wider .sense 
than in il.< ori;;iiial oiu'. Napier's happy eiilo^ium on Ridfje: 'No man died on that field with mori' glory than lie, yet many died, and 
there wa,i much glory.'" ThiLs his name is in.sep:irat>ly linke<l with llie history of his country at a turning-point in its course. 



l^onr Iii| l^mtr in }phntnrira|.tlts aub (Irxt 

TIIH ACTUAL SCENES of Iho Battle of (ictlyslmi- now lie l)rlorc US. Let us linger 
:i nidiiieiil and look al the cailipfires of (lie armies alon^' tlie road leading to the 
liattleground-the night hefore the battle. It is the la>t night in the month ol' 
roses — JuTie, ISd.'i. The two armies have fought their way thi-ough storm and 
sunshine. Ihrougli forests and mouulaius. across ri\"ers and raxines — until now they 
are hivouaekcd near the peaceful little \illage that was to Kecoiue the shrine of American 
valor. 

The three army corps of the Confederacy are sleeping on their arms, waiting foi- the 
order to march on to (iettysl)urg in the morning. Stationed twenty-fi\e miles away to the 
northwest, at ('hami)ersi)urg. is the First ('or])s undei' fjongstrcet. The Secon<l Corps, under 
Ewell, is divided with Early's Division ten miles to the northeast, near Ileidlersiiurg; Rodes' l)i\ i-,ion 
is bivouacked at the village of Ileidlersbiirg ten miles distant, and Johnson's Division is resting in 
the vicinity of Fa.vetteville, tnenty-one miles to the northwest. The Third Corjis, under General 
A. P. Hill, is also divided; Anderson's Division is lying at Fayetteville, eighteen miles awa,\-; 
Pender's Division is near Cashtown, ten miles northwest; Ileth's Division waits at Cashtowii, ten 
miles northwest; and Pettigrew's l)rigad<' is on guard at Marsh Crt'ck, a little more than three miles 
from (icttysbiu'g; while twenty-one miles to the northwest, near D(i\cr, the horses of Stuart's 
Cavalr.v aic ])awing the ground. 

Now let us look at the P'ederal Army. It is stationed for the most |)art on the south of Gettys- 
burg. The First Corps, under Doul)leday, is wailing at Marsh Creek, .J' ■_) miles south of the town. 
The Second Corps, under Hancock, is at ruiontown, tw<'nty miles to tlie .south. The Third Corps, 
under Sickles, is bivouacked at I5ridge|)(>rt, twcKe nnles south. The Fifth Corps, under Sykes, is 
resting at Union Mills, sixteen miles to the southeast. The Sixth Corps, under Sedgwick, is at 
Manchester, thirty-four miles to the southeast. The Eleventh ( 'oi-ps, under Howard, is l.ying at 
Emmitsl)urg, ten miles to the south. The Twelfth Cor|)s, under Slocum. is at Litllestown, ten miles 
to the .southeast. Two brigades of the Cavalry Corps, under Buford ((iambic's and Devin's brigades) 
are on dut.v at Gettysburg, while the third brigade, under Merritt. is on guard at Mechanicstown. 
eighteen miles to the south. I'\iurtccn miles to the cast, at Hano\-er, stands Kilpat rick's Cavalry. 
This is the sjx'ctacle that li<'s bcfoic our e,ves as we wait for the dawn of the first day of .lul.v 
in ISd:!. 

"O Sulilioi' (if mil- .•ninMi..M laii.l. 

'Tis tllinc In li.-.u llial l.la.lr 
I,,uis(. in till- ^hr.illi. ,.]■ linn in Imml. 

Hnl fViT inKirraiil. 

"When fiircign fm's assiil onr rifjlil. 

One nation Irnsis l(. tlici- 
T.i wicl.l it wvll in W..1II1V liylit — 

TIm- swnni ,.f M,';nlr and l.ci'!" 



Wounded at Gettysburg 




iiANt (K K. •Till-: >i ri;Kit 

Kv.ry iiii.ii ill this pirlnn- was wouii.lr.l ul (irtl.vsl.iirK. S,-,a.-.l. is Wiiili.M S.m.II Ilani-.M-k; 111.- l>i.y-K.-ii,ral. Traniis C. Uarli.u («lu. 
»as slni.k almnil iiinrlally i. I.aiis uKaiiisl tin- Irri-. Til.- ollirr two arc C.'n.ral John CihhiMi and (Jcnrral David IJ. Hirni-y. Alioul 
(our oilork on Ihr arimiooii of July Isl a foain-tli.krd iliarwrr dashi-.l up (Vnu-t.-ry Hill hearing (irn.-ral llancork. IK- liad Rallop.-.! 
lhirU-.'n inil.-s lo take rominand. Appris.d of Ihr loss of ll.-ynolds. his main .U'pond.-nr.-. M.-adi- km-w that only a man of vi^or and 
judKin.nl <-ould sjiv.- the- situati..n. Ilr <hos<- wi.rly. for llanroik was on.' of th.- li.-st all-round s..l<li.TS Ihal tlu- Army of th.- Poto- 
luar had d.-v.lop.d. It was In- who ri-forincd thf shaltir.-<l con)s and chose the position to l)c luld for the <l.-.isive slriiK^lc. 



Jtrst iau'^ lattb at CIrttpburg 

THE FIRST DAY'S BATTLE at Gettysburg liogaii in the early Tiiorning hours on 
Wednesday, the first day of July, in 186;5. Mists overhung tlie valleys which 
were soon to become the battlefield. The sultry night gave forebodings of rain, 
but as the day ai)i)roached the clouds passed away and the beautiful arena, sweet 
in the scent of flowers and fields, stretched before the two great armies. We will 
now follow these armies, hour by hour, through the three historic days that were to 
decide the destiny of a nation. The rapid movements of the fighting lines and the tenseness 
of these moments were such that the participants in the actions vary in their testimony. It is 
not strange that they disagree on the hours when we consider that their duties were of far greater 
purport than keeping an accurate account of time. It is probable that these pages present 
the first endeavor to record the Battle of Gettysbm-g in chronological form. This chronology has 
been iirepared from the official reports of commanders in both armies. It is confined to the most 
critical movements, some of which it is necessary to approximate, as there are few official records 
of the time of the engagements of many of the regiments and divisions. 

4:31 A.M. — Sunrise over tlie armies surrmimiing Gettysliurg. 

,5:00 .\.M. — First movement began toward tlie l)attleground at Gettysburg. Drums soumlcil in the eamps of the armies. 
Heth's Division of Hill's Third Corps i>f the Confederaey, bivouacked at Cashtown, ten miles northwest from Gettys- 
burg, fell into line and moved out ou tlic' Charabersburg pike. The steady tramp of the infantry could be heard 
along the roads to Gettysburg. 

5:.'i0 A.M. — First approach of vanguard of the Confederate Army sighted l)y Federal pickets who were statloin^d at Wil- 
loughby Run. .\11 roads leading to Gettysburg from north and west were being guarded by outriders from Bufurd's 
Federal Cavalry, which held a commanding position over the low fields in the vicinity of the Chaml)ersburg pike. 

5A0 A.M. — First shots fired on the picket line at (rcttysburg. A Federal vidette cro.ssed Willoughhy Ilun to discover the 
character of the approaching men. The advancing Confederates fired. The Federal i)iikel retired across the Run, 
returning several shots from behind the abutments of the bridge. 

(1:00 A.M. — Warning of approach of the first Confederate column passed ra])idly along the Fcdi-ral lines at Gcttysliurg. 
Messengers from the picket posts Ijrought the news into the camps. ISuford's skirmish line tightened its position 
which covered practically every [xiint of the enemy's ajjproach. 

C:30 A.M. — First skirmish lines are engaged in maneuvers. 

8:00 A.M.— First soldier killed on the First Day of tlu- Battle of Gettysburg. Cavalrynu-n of the Dili Xcw V..rk regiment 
(Federal) passed out along the Mummasburg road about 7:00 a..m. to the skirmish line on Oak liiil-e and took posi- 
tion in rear of residence of J. Forney. The Confederates, greatly increased in numbers, were po t-d near the resi- 
dence of \. Hoffman. In the skirmish Cyrus W. .James, Co. G, of the Sth Xew York, fell as the first victim of the 
first day's battle, .\bout this same time Ferry Xi<hols. of Co. F, 0th .\ew York, cajitured a Confederate, said to 
have been the first prisoner taken on the liattleground of Gettysburg. 

11:00 a.m.— Major-Gencral .John F. Reynolds (Fe.leral) reach.'d Gettvsluirg in a.lvance of the iMrsI Corps. Buford and 
his tro,,|,s were hard presseil. lieynolds s,-iil urgent orders f..r \Vad,sworth■.^ Division to hurry imdir covr of ."^errrin- 
ary Uidgc from tlie Emmitsburg road to the front. 

0::!0 \.M.— (lener-al .\bner Doubli'day. commandrr of the (Feder-all Third Division of Reynolds' Corps. :irrlvcd In advance 
of his troops on the battlefield. II.- «a, ,,nl.ivd by Reynolds to guard the F'airfiehl road. 

10:00 A.M. — Wadsworth's Division (Fi-d.Tal l dashed into the firing-line at aliout this hour anil brcarrr • irrriircd 
in desperate battle to hold back the ever increasing host of Cimfederates. 

10::i() A.M. — First general killed at (iettysburg. .\bout this time the battle was nigingat Mrl'hir-orr's W.. 
Confederate brigade of Heth's Division was driving back Gamble's cavahymen of Biifoid'> roiiirrr 
Reynolds, entering the woods, was killed instantly. Meredith's "Iron Brigade" (Federal) cliargcd t 
turing General .\rcher (Confederate) and more than a thousand of his troops. 

11:00 A.M.— Di\-isions under Generals Rol)ins(m and Rowley, of the First Corps (Federal). li>ok up positions on the Iiallle- 
ficld. Thirteen brigades of .\. I', Hill's Conf<'derates troops now <'onfronted the Federal battle -line. 

11:30 A.M. — Major-General Oliver O. Howard arrived at Gettysburg, assrrming command of the FediT.il troops on the 
field. Orders were hurried to the Klevenlh Corps, now on its way to the front, (o hasten th.ir irrarrh. Slorurri's 
Twelfth and Sickles' Third Corps were ordered on to the battleground. 

XooN' — Confederate troops were ariiving constantly. 

H:1.5p.m. — Federal Eleventh Corps reacheil the battleground. Barlow's and Schimmelfennig's Divisions cNterrdcd tin- 

battle-line. Steinwehr's Division took its post on Cemetery Hill as a rallying point. 

1 :00 P.M.— Buford's Cavalry (I'e.l.rab rvp.irtcil that Kwell's Second Corps (Cnrfeili'iate) was approaching r-apidly by 

the Ileidler.sburg road. .\l liiis time (irncral Hancock (Federal) .stationed at Taneytown, received orders to hasten 

to the front and take i-oinmarrd. 

■i:.M e.M. -(Jeneral Rodes (ConfediM-al,-) ordervd a vicious attack upon the Fed<-ral troops thi'ii advancing to lake post 

behind the stone walls in iUr field. The battli' was now raging fiercely. 
3:00 P.M.— General Winfield S. Hancock arrived at G.-ttysburg. 
3:30 P.M. — Early's Confederate Division of Ewell's Corps joined the Confederate attack by Rodes. 



eng 


.ged 


\r.l 
(ier 

.ds. 


<'r's 
eral 
■ap- 




nil; iiKsi' DAY 



TOLL 



Tin- liv. < lai.l <li,»ii liv llir III < lail soliliir> in tli.- (ir>t .lay's liKliliii- lua.li- possiblr llir ultimate vi<t..ry at (l.ttyshiiri;. Tlu- stiil)lM)m 

rcMislaiirr iif Kiiforil's cavalry ami of tin- h'irsl ami KIcvi-iilh (Virps clir<kr<l llif CoiifcdiTati' advami- fnr an rutin- ilay. Tin- ilclay \va> 
prirclrvs: it i-naMi'il Mrailc In ciim-i'iilrati- his army iipiin tlii' lii'i);lil.s to llu- .soiitli of ('u'llyslxirf;. a pioilinn uliicli provi-il impn'^nalii''' 
To a I'rniisylvanian. Ci'nrrai Joliii l'°. Uiynolils. falls Ilir irrdit of Ilir ilct<-rniim'<l slan<l that Has mad.- that ilay. ( 'onimaniliiiK tli<' 
advani'o uf the army, lie |*ruiii|>lly urnt tu liiifiirir.s support. Iirinpii^' up his infantry and artillery to holil haek the ( onfedenites. 



M.pnF.nso\-> wnnn.^ 



1 



At llie eilne of tll.v «o.,ds 
Cienend Ileynolils was killed liy u 
t'onfeilerale sliarpshootir in the 
first vit;orons ecmtest of the day. 
Till- h.hkIs lay lietween th.- Iw.i 
fluids iipiMi whieh the ( onfeilir- 
ates ttiTe advaiK'in^' from the 
west, ami (ieneral Doiilileday (in 
command of the I'irst ( 'or]>s^ was 
ordered to laki- the position s<i 
thai Ihecohininsof the f.»- cmld 
iH'.nliladedhy the infantry. while 
coiilenilin^' with the arlilhry 
posted on Lull, roads. Th. |r.,n 



1 


m 


ii 


i 


■ 


ki 








B^ V 


A 


Mx ■ •*. !• 






X 




V "'*' 


-•" \Vs 


Kxu. - 




■S^^d^b^. , '_ II 




^ 


A .. 




Si^ 


ii^ 


fc-^^-^J^ES 


M 


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il 


M 


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Wi(! 



Hri(;a.le nml.r (iemral M.-ntlith 
w.is .irderi'd to hohl the (!""""l 
al .ill ha/jirds. As they <harK<-.l. 
th.' lr.M.ps sh.iiitiil: "If w.- ean'l 
h.il.l il. where will yoii Tind th. 
mill who can.'" On they swept, 
capturing' Cli-neml .\rcher an. I 
many of his Confederate hripid. 
thai had c-nterc-d the w.xmIs from 
tli.-.ilher side. .\s .\rchor pa.vsi-.l 
1.1 the rear. Donbleday. who had 
he. II his classmate al West Point, 
;;r..le.l him with "(;.mi.I inorn- 
I1-' I'm t,'l;el 1.1 .sis- von!" 




rr.DKUAL DEAD AT GETTVSIUliC. .Rl.V 1, Isc:! 

All till- way from McPli.Tson';'. \Vo,m1s liack to Ccmctrry Hill lay tli • I'r.lnal M.l.li.T,, wlm hail cmtc-str.l rv.Tv fn,.l of tliat rrtriMl until 
nif,'Htfall. Tho (;,.iirr.l.Tat(S were- massing so rapidly from Ih.- wrst ainl Tiorlli tlial tli<rr Has s.ant lim.' lo liriiii; ..If tin- \\..iim.I.-.1 and 
nonr for attnitioM to Ih, ,lcad. Tin iv on the fi.-ld lay llir slio.s so nni.-l, n.-.d.d l,y lUr ( onf.-.l.ratrs, and 111.' f;rim task of -ath.-rlnf,' 

tli.-m I).-Kan. Tli;- •\r:u\ «rn- striiipr.l ,,f arms. aTnmnnili. .n. <a|,-. and ; oulrrm.-nis as h,II In fait. of rv.-ryt liin- that wonid 1,.' of 

thi- slightest use in enabling Lees poorly einiii)ped army to eontinne the interneeine strife. It was one of war's awfnl expedients. 



dhrnunlmjii nf iFtnit Sait'ii tlattlr — (EnntUutrit 

4:11(1 P.M. -(o-neral llaneoek aseended Cemetery Mill at al.oni I hi- lionr. where he soon was to see the relre.it ..f Ih.' l-'ederal 

Ariny. 
4:10 P.M.— Ceneral Howard, finding he eonld hold out no longer, .sent orders to Ih,' l''irs| and Kl.v.-nl h i'.-.leral ('..rps lo 

fall haek, gradnall,\-, dis])nting every ineh of the way. 
4::!0 P.M.— The Federal Corps f.-ll baek In-fore the closely following Confederates. Passing Ihrongli an.l aionn.l lh<- lowri 

of Cetty-sburg. they took np their |,osilioii on Cemetery Hill, al.ont a half .nlle soulli of the l.,wn. 'I'll.- |.nr-uing 

C.infederates were here driv.-n ba.k by Wiodrieh's Federal ball.ry. 
J:IMI P.M. Ci'iieral U.ibert E. Lee, e<miman.ler-in-ehief of the Conf.-d.Tate forces. st,„„i with (i.-n.ral L..ngstr,-,t ,.ii S.rn- 

iriar.\' IJidge watehing the Federal tr.iops gathi-ring on Cem.-tery Hill. 
.j;.'i(l P.M.— The Federal troops were strongly sitnate.l for di'f.-nse upon Cnlp's Hill. Zi.-gler's (in. v.-. aii.l ('.■m.-l.Ty Hill. 
7:(lli P.M. Siikl.'s' Third and SUx-um's Twelfth Corps I l''ederals) were arriving on the battlefield. SI... urn. being th.- s.-nior 

in rank. I. .ok eomniand of the battlefield. Han<-oek had r.-turned to (ieneral Meade's h<'a.l.|Uarl.rs at Tan.yl.iwn 

1.. r.-p.irt the conditions at Gettysburg. M this h..nr m-arly all the Conf.-.l.Tali- .-..rps ha.l :irri\.'.l ..n tin- li.-l.l. .ir 

wire within the vicinity. 
7::i.) p.M.--Snns,-t Tin- .armies rest.-il from tlii-ir first .lay's b.illl.' at ( o-ltysburg. ('..mparil iv.- si|,-n,-,- r.-ign.-.l ov.-r Ihe 

baltl.-gi-..mi.l. pnn.-lnat.-.l by iufr.-qnent skirmish lire. Thr..ngh..nt Ih,- mglil Ih,- lli.k.-r ..f Ih.- .amplires .-..nl.l b.' 

.seen in Ih,- hills. 




iiii; ritii i; (H \ m ihuv 

audi so-ni's as ihi-.sc iiiiirkr<l cvrry one iif tlic ilclaclird batlK-ruMs at (ifllyslmrf;. The 1i>\v<t pioliirc is n rosiilt of llie first <lay'- 
fifjliliiik' iH-ar .Mcl'lii-rsnii's Winxls, tliniiijjli wliifli tin- Inm IJri^adr swept willi tile ery, "We've rume tii stuyl" The pietiire aUn ■ 
w.i^ taken near the spot wlii-re the Kirst Minnesota was saeri(iee<l to stem tile ailvam-e of the ('onfe<U'rates after their vielory at Ih. 
I'.ai h Orehanl. IliineiK-l;. whih- pateliin); np a seiiiml line to proleet Siekh-s' retn-aling troops, sjiw a heavy eiihinui of Confeth-nil. • 
eiM.TKe fn.Mi a ehinip of lre.s and a.lvanee lowar.l a weak point in his hne. Dashinf; np to Colonel Colvill. IIan<<Mk shonteil: •D- 




nil. \ii;\ WHO • < wii: lo >i \\ 




WIIKUE A SHELL DKOITED 



you SOP those colors? Take thpiu!" Ami tin- First Mimii'sc^t.-i. in fiv<' minutes, captured tlic coI(;rs ami slcriniicd the advance, 
the 3G5 officers ami men who oljcycd tljat order, half a huiidr.-d lay dea.l on the field and 174 others \\rr<- \v..nnd.-.l. The reL'im^ 
total mortality from that charge was 7j, more than SsJ per cent, of the number engaged — the highest known short of an Imli.an 
sacrc. The Federals lost at Gettysburg 3,00:5 kiUcl. 11, til-2 w.Hm.l.il, and 3A35 missing (Fox's figures). The Confederate 
w.i. .'l.Oa", killeil, lS,r;5J wound<-d, and .-.. ir. nil"ing > l.iverTn.uv- ligiire^i. T.ital loss on both sid.'s. .-,1.0.-,;!. 



Of 

■ufs 



loss 




.\i.AK I UK I'd.ttODV AN(.LI-: 



A Hero at Gettysburg 




■Willi lll> l.(>\(, liKUW.N UlTLi:- JOHN HI U.NS OK (;l;■n■^^IU|{( 



Tlic <.M lur.. ..f (Mll.vsl.urK siLs li.r.- i,v lii.s <<.IUij;r. On ..m- si.lr is llu- (.M-fiuliioncl Ktiii Il.,rl.- s|Maks ,,f. .„, |1„. „tl,rr. 111.- rriil.Iu-s 
li.- ii.-.-,l.(l afUr tlir luilllf. STK.-nnl Cnmfiv Kii.,1 ic... ,if C.n.puny K S'vrnth WiMonsin VnhmlctTs. in " n„tll.-,s an.l I^iidrrs" .1,-MTilHS 
John Uurn.s- u.lion In tlu- riink-s „f that rcRinunt: ••It mn.st Imv,- Uvn alM.wl noon wlun I saw a litllr ol<l man coming n|, in Uu- n-ar of 
Company K. In r.«anl to thr p,..M,liarili.-.s of his .Ir.ss. I rrnunilH-r hr «..r,- a swallow-tail.a ,oal with .sn.oolh l.nuss l.utton.s. He had 
n rifle on his sho.ii.ier. We U.ys In pan to poke fun at him as .soon a.s he eame amongst .is. =us we thought n.. .iviiian in his senses would 
show himself in su.h a pla.v. , Hulh-ls were (lying thieker and faster, an.l we hugg<-<I the ground alx.nt us as close as we could. 
Burns got U-hin.l a tree and sun.riscd iw ull by uol taking a doubh-quick to the r.ar. He was as calm and c-ollcctcd as unv veteran." 



A Landmark at Gettysburg 




'■JOIIX lU'liNS STOOD AT HIS (OTTACE I>OOI{- 



TIhs. 

hu,,,,' 
111.' ll 


III. 
,11-1 

..1.1 


wl 


111 

K.I 

.■p 


a,,lls 

..r XV 1 
.ii> I 

,il. 1! 

III.' 1 


p,-.-s,-nt 
..III Ilai-t. 
..-m, A(- 

iltU-H-as 


al his 
wi-ol.- 
orilinf; 
cv.-nty 
hiiiKlit. 


In tl 




;,,■ 


..1 


isl-. 


. tliongli 


still a 


youU 


. ll. 


lu 


.1 


M'.-n ; 


lining llic 


first to 


volun 


li-rl 




in. 


ll.- 


...ik pari 


in til.- 


battl( 


s , 


f 


I'l: 


Il.-hii 


r. <^■•■.•t 


stown. 


anil I 


nil. 


y' 


I. 


in.-. 


In ism; ll 


■ af,'airi 


volnn 


r.-l 


-.1 


f.. 


s.-rv 


.-.- in th.- 


Ani.-r- 


ican 


irni 


.■> 


a 


1.1 >.- 


v.-.l tlll-ol 


Khth.- 


Mexican 


W 


U-. 


At 


h,- h,-.i;innin^' of 


thi ( 


ivil 


w 


ir 


..- ll- 


-.1 t.. .-nil 


st on.-.- 


mun-. 


hii 


1 


1.- 


.lli.-.- 


lol.l him 


that a 


man 


.f . 


ix 


y-. 


i-vi-n 


was not 


u-,-,-pt- 


able f 


)r a 


ctivc 


sci'vii 


.-. H,-.li 


1, how- 


ever. 


sect 


n- 


.-n 


ploy, 


i.-nt f..ra 


iiii,- as 


a teanisti 


r 


.111 


was 


iiially s.-ii 


1 honi,- 


to (; 


■ll\ 


si, 


ir;; 


■|'< 


k.-..p hi 


„ ,-on- 


t,.„i,- 


1 hi 


- 1 


.HI 


Mii.-n 


,-l.-,-t.-.l h 


III ,-,.n- 


slal.l. 


..nil. 


Ih 


-n oh.s 


rnn- villas 


.-. Ill- 


look 


.i. 


hi 


i.-. 


very 


scriimsly. 


Wh.-n 


(KMlr 


al 1 


..•< 


'st 


ro„]).s 


cnt.-rr.ltl 


,■ pla,-,- 




in .Inn.-. ISd:!. linnis ass.-rl.-.l his an- 
thoril.v in ..pp..sili,,ii t,, thai ..f tlu- 
C'..nh-.lri-al.- |M-..v.,st-i;uar.l ali.l was 
a<-.-..r.lin^'ly l.„k.-.l up Kul no s....i,.r 
ha,.l th.- Iro.ips l.-ft Ih.- t..«n than Ir- 
l«-«an I., arn-st th.- sl ra^-l.-is ..f th,- 
ariiiy. On .liil\ Kl. th.- first .lay ..f 
th.- Lalll,- .,r (M-tlysl.iirf... th.-..l.l man 
l„„-r,.u.-.la riH,aii.laiiiniimiti..nfi-..ii. 
a l-'.-.l.ral .s..l,li.-r uh.. ha, I l„-.-n 
w.imi.l.-.l. w.-iit w.st ..f lh.-l..wnl..lh.- 
point of h.-avii-st liKlitiiif;. an.l ask.-.l 
to he ;.n\-.-n a place in tlic liii.-. Tli.- 
<-ol,.ii.-l ..f th.- S.-v.-nlli \Vis.-..nsiii 
han.li-.l hiiii .1 loiiK-nin^"- rilh- an.l al- 
1..U.-.I him to join th.- ..th.-r tro..ps. 
Th.-r.- h.- foiii;hl like a v,-l.-raii. Wh.-n 
th,- I iii.iii f..r.-.-s w.-n- ilriv.-n ha.-k 
l,y su|.<ri..r niiiiil,.rs. Uiirns fell into 
Ih.- han.ls ,,f Ih.- (onf.-.l. rates an.l 
,a.n.- v.-ry ii.-ar l,.-in- .-\.-.ut.-.l as an 

imimifori I .-..ml.alani . Tl ^h 

w..lin.l.-.l in thr.-.- pla.-.-s, I,.- i-.-.-,,v.-i-.-,l 
au.l liv.-.l hen- until liis .1,-atliin 1.S72. 



WITH HIS WTI-i: Ani-;i! I'HK MATTLK 



Slaughter Pen" at Gettysburg 




i.i'i'Ti.i', i!(>i \i> loi' Tin; K\:\ TO (;i';n"><r.ri{(; 



A ■•sl;iii;;lilcr p.-n" :il ( let Ivsliiirir. On lliis rocky slope of I.illlc Itmiiiil 'I'oji. LoiiL'sln-cfs iiicii foiitrlil 
willi tin- l'"rilcniK ill llic sccoml day's (oiillict, .Inly •,', ISC:!. From iMiiildt-r to Iioiildi-r tlu\v wormed tluir 
way, lo (iiiil lieliiiid eaeli a soldier wailiiii; for llie liaiid-lo-liaiid slrii;,'!,'l<' wliicli meant llio deatli of one 
or llii- oilier. After llie liallleeaeli roik and t ree oversliadowed a victim. The wlioK- tangled and terril)!c 
(icid picseiiled a f.:r mure a|ipaHin.i,' appearance llian does (lie |)icliire. wliicli was taken after tlic wounded 
were removed. Little Hound Top liad Ix-.-n left unprotected l,y t lie advance of (leneral Sickles" 'i'liinl Cori's. 
Tliis lireak in llic I'cderal line was discoveri-d I>y (ieneral Warren just in time. Ilastil.N' ]iroeiirinrc a flaj.', 
with Iiill two or Ihree otlnr ollieers to help him he |)lant<'d it on the liill, whic-h led the Confederates to 
lielieve the posit ion >t ron^'ly occupied and delayed Lonjist reel's advance long eiioiitrh for troojjs to he 
rushed forward lo uieel it. The picture tells all too plainly at what sacrifice tlie height w as finally held. 



i^rrouii Bm]a lattb at (Srttgsbitrij 

TIIK iiii;lil preceding the Sccniid Day"> IJalllr at Get ly^l>ui- 'riiursday. July '2, lS(i:5— 
i^ one lit' till' iiui-~t in(>ini.'iit(>u-~ in the annals nf tlic wiirliTs \var>. Tho two niiiihty 
arinii's nf citi/.cn-soldu'ry slond face to face waiting; for the dawn of day to renew 
the grim fij;iit. I'ndcr the cover of darkness, hotli leaders shifteil their eor])s until 
in the morning of the second day tliey stood in strategic array. The Federal right 
rested on and near ("ulp's Hill, the hattle-Iine extending across Cemetery Ilill and 
Ziegler's Grove to near Lillle Round Top, the left of the line. .V single cnvps ilhe Thinl) stoe.l 
along Emmitshurg road on an eminence. .\.n;)thi'r cui-ps (the Fifth) was in reserve, while the 
Sixth, the only eor|)s still alisent, was inarching swiftly to the front. The Coid'ederate .Vriny 
fronted the Federal right, its trooiis exlendiiig through the streets of Gettyshurg to Seminary 
liidge, along the ridge southward, and up to the hase of Round To|). 



\-i::m A.M.— Diirins tli.' iniilui.;lil Imiir thr .■.miinaiiil.iN i.f tin- Uvn lmv:iI -.nunc, wnv planiiiii;.' tlir iiin\vni.-iils ,,f Un- -.cr.iiKl 
iImv. Tin- Cimr.-il.-ratrs IkhI .l.-,i.|..| I,, S.m-v Ihr ihjti mI .Im.v l.nak. wliil.- Ilir F.-.l.r.il - rnn ii,i,-,l ,,ii lli.- ,l,-f,-i.Mv,-. 

l;l)l) A.M.— .Majoi-CcMiml (icdiL;.' (iiininn Mead,- nun.-.n.lrr „( Ih,- .Vrn.y i.f llic I'oli.iiuic. arriv.-.l ..ii tlic lialllcgroutiil 

and i-stalili-lu-a l.i> lica.l(|uarl,-r> 1,,-liiii.l CrmvU-i-y Ilill. ,.n llif wv^t M.lr ,.f Taiirvlnwii n.a.l. 

kOI) A.M.— .Ici-t \,rUn-r 111.' dawn, S\ k.-^' fil'tli (■..rp- ' I-'.-dnal i w.i. rr|„,rt.-.l ,,idy r..ur nlil.•^ au.iy on Ilanuwr road, 
swiflly inanliiii- In ll„- l,a I (1,-iuund whnv il would lak.- i...sili..n ..n Cnlp'- Hill. 

4:;!1 .\.M.— Snnris,- nn Ih.- Iialllcli.ld at (ii-Uysbnrg. 

cm .\.M.— Tlir Mi..v,in.nl ul lrn,,|„ wa< n..w wril under way. G.-aryV Division of tliv Frdc-nd Twcinii r,,rps niarrlu'd 
from I.iltlr I!,.uud Top 1.. CulpV Hill, takiuj; poMli..n h.M.l.- Wa.Nwortli DiviMou ..f 111.- Kir^l ( orp. aliva.ly p„.|,-d 
IIkti'. 

7:f)0 A.M.— TIk- liallk'dini-s w.-rr forming >ili-iil!y. Ilaiuoik's I'.-d.'i-a! Second Corps arrived >inHillani'ously willi two 
diviMoi,, ,,f Syke-' Kiflh Corps. 

0:0(1 \.M.- Ip t.. Iliis h.iur no! a >ini.'le >liol li.ad Iiei-n firecl in tlii> ^rini preparations for llie Second Day's strusrf-'le. .\t 
lliis lime tlie ( otifcdcrat,' Ucsi-rvc Arlilleiy reached llic l,attlcKr..uud. Tw.. federal l,ri!;ad.-, De Troliriand's and 
MurliuL'-. ..f I he Thinl Corps. aKo arrived ..u their march tn.rn KliiuiiM.iiri:. 

10:11(1 \.\i. Th<- Federal .\rtillery Rcsrrv with il- hui;e aTuiuuuitioM train arrixcd from T.in.-ytown. Th.- Fcd.-ral In.ops 
on (ulp's Hill had finished thn.win;; up h.i; lin-as|works. The entire Fed,-ral forces wlii.li wen- to ent;af;e in the 
Second Day's T5alll<'. with llie e\<cplion of Sedjiwick's Corps, were on 111.' h:Htlelicld. or in the- viiinily. 

11:011 \.M. •Phe skirmishes ,,f the Second D.iy's li.allle ljei;an. C.Mi.ral l.,.e ord.a-cl his ri-hl wiii<;. und.-r l.on-slre.-l, to 
attack thi- Federal l.'fl. The C.iuf.dcrat.-s .almost inuucliately I,, ok poMlion near the Kmmitslmrf; road. 



.\oo\— The skirmish lines of the armies were in eonfliel. lint the fjreat armies were still enf,'ai;e<l in pn-paration for the 
miylily siru-;;!.-. 

■2:0(1 f.M.— (li-ncral Lee yave in.structioUs to hi, corps eomm:inders as !,> th,' manner of attiuk. l,onf;slreel was to tnr" 
the Fc.leral left; Hill (o strike the center .,f the line: and Fw.ll to a-s.iult the Fe.hral rif;hl at Cul|)'s Hill. 

3:00 I'.M. -Heady for the inipciidin>; attack, Kershaw's Confe<l<-rale l.rieade. of I.ou^-lreet's First Corps, took i)osilion 
behind a stone wall alon- the Flali. rty farm. Federal tro()i)s were .stationed in the Pea<h Orchard; tlieir liattle- 
line extended to l.illle Hound 'I'op. 



In the Forests at Gettysburg 



iiii: 



-i;( (»M) [).\\ .- IK. Ill' 



Til'- l.iilll.- "if (i.lly>l)iirK «a.s ii <n-.---.ii.l.) of 
oiriui),'! — c-atli iliiy iiuirktHi Ijy ii spi'tiiil ili- 
iim\ imin- clraniutic and deadly limn tlir pri-- 
itiliiij; mil-. Thai uf tin- Mtoiid ilay was llie 
ulriiKulf for Little Koiiiid Top. Il U'^an 
Willi llie llirilliiig eliarge liy Longslreel's 
men of IIikmI's division. Turning Ward's 
(lank, on they .swept from Devil's L)en up llie 
ravine between the Hoimil Tops, eunlideiit 
tliat Little Koiind 'I'op was nn<lefendeil. 
N. ir llie crest Vineents Ijriga.le, posteil in 
till- niek of time liy (ienenil Warren, burst 
npoii lliem with llie bayonet. 1 [) and down 
llie slope tile .struggling lines iindlilateil, 
lirokiii rapidly by the trees and boulders 
into single iianded eonibats; men and nuis- 
kels in a nionieiil were seattered all about, 
•lust as Vineenls right was about to be over- 
w helmed, the 1 Kllh New York came ujion 
the eri'sl. led by the gallant young Colonel 
O'Horke, who fell dead at llie first volley. 
The regiiiieiil, rallied by N'ineent, held their 
ground, but there \'iii<viil, loo, was killed. 
Meanwhile llazletfs regular battery ha.l 




Till', i!.\rn.i',-iii;i.i) amid riir, tui;i> 




draggeil its guns with great .linieiilly to the 
erest, where Clenerals Weed and llazlilt 
soon fell together. Colonel Uiee. of lli. 
I'orty-fourtli New '\'ork (now in eomniaml 
in plair of Vin«-nl), had repulstil the as- 
saults on liis right and center. There was a 
lull, during which the Confedeniles stole 
ariiiiiKl froni the woods anil fell with fury < ii 
(lie left of the line. Here CliaiiiU-rlaiii'- 
iei;iMiiiil. till- Twentieth Maine, rapiillv 
swinging aroiuul the rear of Ihe mountain 
lo meet the attack, was forced over the crest. 
Rallying, they drove back the Confederates 
in their turn. Twici- more llie slnigglin:; 
men fought back and forth over the sumniil. 
strewing the slopes with the falli'n. Then a 
brigade of the I'enn.sylvania n-.s<TVes and 
one from llie I'iflh Cor])s dashed over the 
hill. Chanilx-rlain's brave men who were 
left gnited llie recnforconients with a 
shout, dashed forward in a final charge, and 
drove the Confetleniles through the valley 
betwe<-n the noiinil Tops. The Twentieth 
Maine hail lost a third of its men uud spent 
its last round of ammunition. 



Tin: wooDiD .■^i.oiM'. OK Mirii-; hoi nd T(H' 



Chrnunlnnij of Btcmxli Daifn llalllr (ClnItimt^^ 

3:30 P.M.— Tbf S.coiul I)a\ s HiiUU- now ragfil in grim fury. Loiigstreet sent Hood's Division, pn-ci-iUd Ijy a line of 
skirmishers, from South Seminary Ridge against Birney"s Federal Division of Sickles" Third Corps. The historie 
struggles at Devil's Den and in Plum I{un Gorge were now being enacted. The bloody fights were taking placi- in 
the Wheat-fiehl and the Peach Orehanl. Carnage reigned along the Emmitshurg roail. on Cemetery Ridge, and on 
the slopes of Little Round Top. Rirn<-y"s Division and Humphreys DiviMun witli full brigades of the I'e.l.ral .\rmy 
were sent to save the .\rmy of the Potomac. 

4:00 P.M.— Se.lgwiik's Sixth Corps, the largcM ..f llie Fcleral .\rmy. reache<l the battleground, during Longslreet's attack, 
after a rapiil night and day march from .Manchester, thirty-four miles away. 

4:30 P.M.— Major-General Warren was sent by Meade to inspect the works on Little Rouml Top. He found the position 
flanking the Federal line unoc<upied. The Confederates were advancing upon it. Warren sent for Innips and the 
Fifth Corps arrived at the same moment with the Confederates. .\ fierce conflict ensued and lasted until dark. 

5:00 P.M.— The battle raged. Longstreet and Hill's ('(mfederates were attacking Round Top. Knell's Confederates were 
bombarding Cemetery Hill. .\ll along the line the assaults were sharp and determined. 

G:()0 P.M.— General M.-^uli- found his left wing threatened with defeat. The Twelfth Corps (Federal) was onlered to 
manh from ( ulp's Hill to reciifon e the line. Green's Third brigade of the Second Division of the Twelfth Corps 
(Federal) was h-ft behind to h,,ld th.^ line ..n Gulp's Hill in conjunction with Wadsworth's Division of the First 
Corps. 

7:00 P.M.— .\ fierce attack w.-is made .against the weakened Feih'ral line on Gulp's Hill by .Johnson's Confederate Divi- 
sion of Ewell's Corps, and continued three hours. 

7:34 P.M.— Sunset — The battle conliuucd into the night. .\t about the time .Johnson's Confederates were attacking 
Gulp's Hill, General Early sent his Confederate troops crashing against East Cemetery Hill. 

9:30 P.M. — Thi' guns boomed along the firing-line. .\ portion of the Confederate troops now cjccupieil the log breastworks 
thrown up by the absent Twelfth Coqjs. 

10:00 P.M. — The first regiments of the Federal Twelfth Corps were arriving at Gulp's Hill to prepare to ilrive out .Jiihn- 
son's troops in the morning. 

11:30 P.M.— The entire Federal Twelfth Corps li.id arrival at Gulp's Hill and were in battle-line aw.iiting the dawn of day. 



SEMINARY RIDGE. BEVOXD GETTYSRIRG 



Along this road the Federals re- 
treated toward Cemetery Hill in 
the late afternoon of July 1st. 
The success of McPherson's 
Woods was but temporary, for 
the Confederates under Hill were 
coming up in overpowering num- 
bers, and now Ewell's forces ap- 
peared from the north. The 
First Corps, under Doubleday. 
" broken and defeated but not 
dismayed," fell back, pausing 
now and again to fire a volley at 




the pursuing Confederates. It 
finally joine<l the Eleventh ( 'or]>s, 
which hatl also bi-en driven back 
to Cemetery Hill. Ia-c was on the 
field in time to watch the retreat 
of the Federals, anil advised 
Ewell to follow them up, but 
Ewell (who had lost 3,000 men! 
decided np(m discretion. Night 
fell with the beaten Federals. 
rei-nforced by the Twelfth (,'orps 
and part of the Third, facing 
nearlv the whole' of Lee's armv. 



Brady War Photographs 




'I'lir, CAUW*;!", OF i?i.(i(ii)\ \\(,i.r. 



'I'rollc's Hdiis.-. SiilJrs" Ii,;i.|(|ii:irl<'ts M Ih,- l.ciriiiiiini,' ..f llic m'.chkI .1m\ . Th.- Ik.iis,. >|,„hI -onir .|is|:iti.-. 
tiiuk fripiii llir l'".iiiriiiUliiiri; road. ii\cili>i)kiiii^ llir I'imcIi Onlianl. t'lom uliicli llic Coiifrdcrali'^ filially iln>\( 
I lie slunly iiicri nl" llic 'I'liinl ( 'iii|i-. \\ lid inr or rml it \\as a laclical ciTDr fur Si<-klts l<> |)ii-,l lii^ ((iiiirnai 
aliiii;,' llic niail -.d far In aclxaiicc cil' the line i- a -iihjcci iif iliscilssiDli. Tlic rcMlll ciisl many ll\c>. ai 
nearly li)>l Id llic l-'cilcraK llic key li> llicir pusillnn. l?ack from llio I'cacli f)rcliar<l Sickles' men we 
driven, pasl 'I'rosljc's House, w licre lii^elow's Xiiilli Massacllll^cll^ lijillery made ils jilorioiis sland. ai 
near wliicli Sickles liini-cll' In^l liis Km'. .Ml llie wav K.ick !■> KihiihI Top ihe ground was sli-e\\n willi dc.i 



On Battleground at Gettysburg 




A SAD SIGHT FOR THE CA^■ATIlY^^AX 



This pitiful scoiio aftiT llic hattlo of (icttyshuru' illnstr.-ilcs the losses of moiiiils after cacli cufiatreincnt, 
which told ]ica\it>st on the Southern cavalry. V\) to the next winter. lS(i:!-J, il was well orjjanized and 
had i)roved it.s efficiency on many fields. 15ut from that |)eriod its wc.ikness iiicicascd rapidly. The 
sources of supi)lics of hoth men and horses liad heen exhausled simullaneously ; many of the hesi and lira\-esl 
of men and ollicers had falliTi in hallle. From then onward il was a struLiule f;ir hare exislence, until at, 
Appomatt(JX the hirgediearted Lee pointed out to (iraid th.d the only mounts left to the Confederacy were 
those that his men were actually riding'. He il n-corded to (he Xorlhern generars en'dit that he t;a\e im- 
mediate instructions that everj' Confederate who own<'d his horse should l)c allowed to lake il home for 
plowing and putting in his crop. This photograj)]! shows staff officers' horses killed at (iettyshurg. 



The Tragedy of War 



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r|.im lliis wi,|r, steep liill. .iImiuI li\c IiuihIicI vanls <liie west of Little Round Top and one Imndrod feel 
louir. \\:is A chiiMn Mani<(l liv llie (-..unli-.v f(.IL "llie Devil's Den." Wlien tlie position foil into tlic hands 
of the ('(Uifederales al llie end of llie second (lav's li^'lltill^'. il iieeariM- llie >t ronj,'llold of lli.-ir sliai-psliooters. 

and uell ilid il rnllill ils name. It was a most dangerous Jiosl I inpy. slnee llie Inderal Ivalleries on 

the Kuiiiid i'op ueie (, instantly sliellin^' it in an cH'ort to dis]od,L:e llie liardy rilleiiieii, many of wliom met 
IJH- fate of tlio one in llie |)ietnr<'. Tlu'ir deadly work continued, however, and many a }iallant odiccr of 
Ihc Federals was picked o(T during' the fighting' i n the aflornoon of the second day. General Vincent was 
one of the first \ielims. (ieneral AVeed fell likewi.se; and as I,ienlenanl lla/lett lu-nt over him to cal<li his 
last words, a l.nllet lhroii):li the head iiroslrated thai officer lifeless on the liody of his chief. 



The Toll at Gettysburg 




■^i' 






J^ 





'*' 




••]UT WHILE LIFK 1>ASTS, TO FKillT" 

Siicli \v;is the fate ol' many ol' llic ."i.OOO and inure ( 'oiilVdcratcs of wlioni no n'Inrns were nia(l<' aftcf llio 
fi.ulitint;' at (Ictt y.shui'i;. Tliis youiii;' soldier was one ol' tlio sliar])slioot<'rs posted in llic "])('\il"s l>cn," 
Ilic only i)osition captnrcd and livid l)y the Coiifederates in the fiti'litinji' at the Uoinid 'I'ops. In their lonely 
fastness these hoys in u'ray sent many a swift nii'sseni;vr of death into the J'\'(ieral lines that were finhliiii;" 
on the near-by crest. Then at last a Federal shell, liurstiiig over this lail, wounded him in the head, imt 
was not merciful enoiiuh to kill him outrifjlit. He was evidently able to sj)rea(l his blanket and must lia\e 
lain there alone for horns in his death agony. The i)liotojiTa])her wlio took this picture, just after the battle 
in July, attended the dedicat ion of the Xat ional Cenielery at (iettysburg, in \o\ cinber, and again penetrated 
to this rocky .spot, 'i'lie nnisket, rusted by many storms, still leaned against the rock; the remains of the 
boy soldii-r lay undislnrbed within the monl'lcring uniform. Xo burial |)arty li;id found him. The only 
n-ws thai his loxcd ones got was the single word, ■•Missing." .V tah' like this i^ true for .^OOO more. 



The Battle-Scarrcd Woods at Gettysburg 









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'"IIIK \ Kin IKl'.l-.S WKKK SrUII'l'i;!) AM) r.AKK' 



'I'liis |)i<liir.' ..I' .Mimuii.i.l.cl Irr.'- ..ii ('iil|>'> 1 1 ill. and 1 1;. • \ ic\v-< h.-rcw illi ..f Koiinil Top and ( ■(•ni.-tcry Rid'ic, 
cjirry lli.- (•.••■kI.t :i<t<!.s> ilic wliolr halll.-licl.l. i'\\\\i\ Hill \va> llic scfiic of a coiiti-st >ii llic x-iuiul day. 
I,<t'> plan on thai day wa . lo allark l!i<- ri^'lil and l.-fl llaid^^ of llic Tnion army al lli<- >anu' linir. l.on.;:- 
.slrr.-l\ alla<k on llic l<-fl. al I.illl.- Ilonnd 'I'op. approarji.'d a vicloiy. Kucll^ at lack on llic ritilit al ( nl|)'s 
Hill, altliiiiif,'li m.KJi' later tlian intended, eanic lu-ar complcic .success. His cannonailini,'. tlic ctVccts of 

wliicli appc.ir in llic picliirc, w,is s i silenced, liiil llic infantry forces tlial a.ssaiilteil the |iosilions on the 

exlrenic rij.'lit found lliciii nearly defenseless lie<aii>c the triwips had lieen .sent to reenforce the left, .\lioiit 
sunset (Icii.Tal i:d«.ir.l .l..hiiM>n led this attack, ulii.li was repulsed hy the thin lint well fortilicd line under 
coiiiinand of (icncral ( icoi-'^c S. (irccne. M.oiit nine o'clock .lohiison walked into the iindclViidcd works 
of the exlrenic riulil. The next niornini: he was soon driven ont.liiil the Inion peril had liccn iircat. 



Fighting-Ground at Gettysburg 




AlTElt Til):: HATTLE— KOI M) ICl' Mil rilllHN KM) (ll' TIIK TEDKUAL LINK 



IVoni tlh-s,- r..,U r.t I!<,uii.l T,,p. ;is 
s.-.-n from I.ittl.- Hound '[\>\k <<-l!,,.,l 
the caimcmailiu!,' :it (u-ttvsl>iir£; — l].r 
lieavirsl rvcr Iicanl on this coiitimtit, 
au<l schiimi f(|u:ilc<l auvwliiTc I'nr 
two mills tli<- ( iiufc(l.T.il.- liiu- v;s 
plaiit<'tl lhi<'k willt cannon, (irntral 
Hancock's official acco;Mit {.'iv.s a 
di-ar notion of this part of tin- l)atll<-: 
" From II A.M. nnlil 1 p.m. (Iicrcw.is 
an omiuon.s .stillness, .\lioul I o'llock, 
apparently l),\' a ^i\cn .si<in;-l. Ilic 
cncinN' opened iipo:i our front witU 
t!ic heaviest artillery fire I have ever 
known. Their ;;nn.s were in y>osition 
at an as.ra^'e ilishuice of :ilM.nt l.HIII 
.\arils from m\" line, ami ran in a semi- 
circle from the town (.f Cllyslmr:.' lo 
a ])oinl opposite IJoim.l Top .M..im- 
tain. Their mimli.r i- variously es- 
timated at fri.»ni one lunulred and fif- 



teen to <:m- lomdre.! and lifty. The 
:',ir was lilled with projcctilis. Ih.re 
luini; scarcely ::n instant Imt that sev- 
I ral were .seen l.i.rstins; at once. No 
irrc-';nlari1y of ; ronnd att'orded mnch 
protection, ami tlie plain in rear of the 
line of hallle was .so,in .swept of every- 
thing movalile. Thi' infantry troops 
maintained Ihi'ir jxisition with fjreat 
steadiiK'ss. coveriiii; lliem.s<-lves as 
hest they miirht by the temporarv but 
triflim,' d.-f.'ns.s they liail ericted and 
the aei-idents of the f;ronn<l. S<arccly 
a stragf-'Ur was s<-en. lint all waiti-d 
the cessation .>f tin- fierce cannonaile, 
knowinu well what it foreshadowed. 
The artillery of the corps. inii)erfc<-lly 
supplied with annnunition. replictl to 
.\I!M;|{ DoriU.KII A^■ Ihecm-my most fzallantly. mainlaininf,' 

Dr.iKNDKii OK ( i-.mi-.ii;ky nilKiK. Till, noktiikhn KM) tln-ime<|iial contesi inainanni-rthal rc- 
oK MK.Mn;'s i.iNi; llcctcd tlic highest honor on this arm." 




Defenses at Gettysburg 




■NdHI.K Mi;\ IN IIIMIil.KU UAIMKNT IKl.I/ 
A (OM i;i)i;i{\IK SIIAUI-SIIOOTKU KIl.l.KI) AT llli; HAITI. K Oi" (;l. I I ■^ SItl l!(; 



'I'll.- wi.rils from |jillirii|>'s |mm-iii on "CrltyslmrK" uiipl.v to tli.' 7.0.>S .sol,liiT> win. ftll in llii> .|.:iilli.>l of Ain.riiiin l«iMl.s Tlir point 
|il:olo);ri4|iliril is "hi-vil'.s l)i-n." ii rock.v liii^jjit risinj; sliiirply on tin- rjisl anil .sloping; (.Tininiillv to tin' pli'in on tlic west It.s nortlirrn 
point was I'oniposi'il of IniKr roit.s anil lioulilrrs witli nuiiil>i'rli'.s.s in-vin.s ami lioli-.s .surli as tlir oi;r that yawns at tlir Irfl of the piiliirc. 
Till- wlioir rr({ion is covi-ri'il with similar lioiilili rs, whiili alTonhil n trials for sliar| sin otrrsuii l:oth siilrs I'ivi- himilri-il yanlsi-just. ami 
a hunilri-il fret hidlnr than "lli-vil's D.-n." was l.iltli- Honml Top. tl:i- kry to thr iiilirr l-Vdcral position alonK Ci iiu-ti-ry Uiilt-i'. I-i-<'"s 
tartirs on thr SI Tonil ilay win- to .Irivi- luirk a Knlrral forn- on tin- plain ni'ar " Drvil's Drn" anil siiiiri- I.ittli- Uonml Top ami thr wlioli- 
I'nion position His troops forimil in llir wooils. far onttlankin); thr oppi sinj; tmips on tin- plain Thry wi-rc almost at I.ittli- Homul 
Top iH-fori'tii-ni-ral <i K Warrm ilisrovi-nil that a sinnlisi»;nal-man wis tlii-n- Imh-fi-nil tin- hri):ht. Only liy niarvrliiusrxi-rliiins win- 
ili-fi-nili-rs si-inri-il in tiim- !■. nni-t Ihi-attai-k |jin(.'strii-l"s n. Iiowi-vi-r. piimil |M«ssi-ssion of "Di-vil's l)i-n " A mnltitinli' of sharp- 
si Iirs ilanil»-ri-il into I In- hirkin);-plai-»-s anions tl:i- limilili-rs. wlirnn- liny mnlil not iH-ilisloilpi-il liy artiUiry fin- or liy sliarpshootinj; 

Tliisi- n wi-ri- ispiriiilly snriissfnl in pirkin); off tin- rannoni-<-rs on l.iltli- Uminil Top. At oni- linn- lliri-<- win- shot ilown in i|nirk 

.sniri-ssion. anil only tin- foiirlli sininihil in lirind tin- piiii-. Winn nijiht ih .snl on lln-.sitni- tin- Confi-ili-ratrs still hi-lil tin- "Din" anil 
tin- j,Tonnil at tin- foot of l.itlli- Itoinnl Top. lint many of tln-ih-fi-niliTS wi-n-iU-ail or ilyinj; .Vndyelanollnr ilay of canuigc w;ls tocomc. 



Soldiers at Gettysburg 




MKX WHO IIKM) I.rni.K liOlM) TOl' 



Wlirri <i.-niTil WMrn-ii ,|i>.nv,-iv,l I lio <l.-f,'MM-lrss icidllioii ..f av,Taf.v iigc of tlir roirimciit was Uu-iity-twu; iU li<-avi,-sl halllc 

Littli'UnunaTop.lu-spir(llli,-(livisi,,ii,,f Bripiili.-r-C.-niTal.IanKw l,,ss Km,- Immirr.l ami rlc-vcii>. oc<um-.l in tl)i- .lifnisc c.l' Lilllr 

narm-smarching to the rcli.-f of tlirirconira.l.- Kf;liliiin alexin: llir K(.iinin'..|) al (,.|ty.l,iiri;. Tin- Kn.iin.l M-.-mr,! i,i.|iivf;nalil.'. 

Emmitsliurf; roa.l. Warren. <.n hi- ..«n n-p,,n>il>ilily. nM.- ,.vrr lint liic Soutlirrn.Ts, rn>liin!.'on fn.m tli.-ir vicL.ry al ■■tlir liloo.ly 

to (Icncral Barnr. an.l .Irtaclird \ iii(rnlM)rii;a.l.-. hnrryirm it ani;!.-;' rlinil..'.! 111.' >I..i,r> in ,nrh a dispcrat,- onslanfjlit llial lli.' 

back to -nani l.iltlr Unnn.l I-'r.l.-ral-, not liavin;.' lini.- 

Top. It was not luni; lMf,,rr I I to loa.l. a.lv.nnr.l to n-p.-l tin- 

tho men of tlu- Forly-fonilh alta.k with tlir l,.iy.in.-l. 

NVw- York were .■nf.'a.s." M in a Thr hilUi.h- afirr tlir l.attl.' 

ficrci- hancl-to-han.l f,.inl,at .^^ • ■• was litrrally .strewn with the 

Tl„. nM-nof ll„- Kortyfonrtl, B^!^ ^'^'/^ '^^^^^^"^^^ '^^ ■' ' fa,l that I.illh- l{..nn,l Top 

county in their nativi' ."^latc, l|BB^^^^^(0P'V^^^?^>n^;^'^ - -'^jT^'" ''''■'''' ''""' '" '"'"" "'' '' 



WllKKi; TIIK Si:( O.M) DAYS .\TTACK ENDED 



Behind the Firing-Linc at Gettysburg 




I III: I \(.i \i;i)i,i) i,i\K 

Lilllr UuUM.I Tup. III.' krv \n \\u- I'r.l.ral l.ll ; I I v.l Mirp. ulii.li IJic.V ,lll hill !...( on Hi,. s,-,-..|i.l ,hiy 

was III,' s,','ii,' ,.r li:iii,l-l,,-ii:iii.l (iiriilini; raivl.v .',|ual,',l miut ii.ii^'-ran^'.- \\,'a|),)ii> wi'iv iin,'iiU',l. Twi,-,' 
Ihr C.iif.'.l.ralo in licnc ,',.ii(li('l r..ii^iit llirir way 11,'ar l>i lliis siiimiiil. Iiiil witc r.'piiJM-.l. Mail lii.-y 
Haiii,',! il. Il.,'y r,,i,l(l liav,' plaiilr,! arlill.'iy which w..iil,l iiav,- cnlilad,-.! liic l<-fl ,.f M,'a.)<-"s Hue. ail.l 
(icllysliiir^' iiiii;lil have lircii liiriic.l iiih. an Dvcrwhclniint; «lcfi-al. H,'i,'inninLr al tin- li-lii. Iln' l',',liMal 
line slnli'lt,',! in lii.' r,irni ..f a (ish-li,,.,k. wilh I he l)arl> rcslinu on ('nip's Hill. Ihc ,,'nl<T al llir Ixml in Ih,' 
li.M)k on C'ni, Irry Hill, .in, I lii.- Icfl (consisl int; of C-iit-ral Sickles' 'I'hinl Corpsi C.rininii IIm- shank lo lli,- 
.s,.iilliwanl as far as |{,,nn,l ■r,.p. On his own rcsponsil.ilily Si.kl.s had a.lvaiic,',! a |iorli,>n of his line, 
leaving' l.illl,' KoiiikI Top Mnpnil,'<'l,',l. rp,)n litis a.lvancci lin,- ,.f Siiklcs. al (he l'ea<-h OrehanI on (he 
I'.mniilsl.nr^' r.)a<l. Ihe Confclerales fell in an ell'oii to Inni what Ihey supposed lo he Meade's h-f[ Hank. 
Only Ihe proniplness of (;eneral Warren, who discovered Ihe f,'ap an<! remedied it in lime, .saved the kcv. 



®I|tri lag lattl^ at CSrttyshurg 

Till-; I'liliirc 111' lln' i-c|)ulilic was swaying in tlu' scales of war (iui-iiiL; the iiitilil lioiii-s ap- 
|in)acliiii,- Ihe 'I'liinl l)ay"s lialllc al ( id ty>lnir<;- Friday, -Inly :!, l,S(i;5. liitciiso 
cxcitciuiMit |in-\aii(.'(l tliniimlunil tlu- iiatioii. 'Vhv Iwo aniiics stood like jiladiators. 
Tlinuiulioiit tlir loii.u lioui-s ol' liioody coiifiict ucithrr liad gained any j^rral ad- 
vantage, 'riu- armies held virtually the same positions during the seeond night 
that they had on the previous morning. The Federal line stri'tehed like a gigantic fishhook 
from Round To]) to Culp's Hill to the south of the town of (iettyshurg. The ( 'onfedci-ale lines 
were almost ])arallel, extending from Seminary Kiilge through the village of (JcttysKurg lo the 
road at the hase of Round Top. The .scales of war might swing at any hour citliei- to the North 
or to the South. The crisis had heen reached. What was the morning to liring forth!'' 



3:30 .\.M.— Before (la.vi>re;ik. .Jolin>oii wa^ fiirrniiif; liis CDiiteclenite Inuips ;it Gulp's Hil! to complete what lie eoiifidi iilly 

belicve,l was lohe his virl,,ry. 
4:00 .\.M.— In tin- .ally ilawii tlu- l.alterie> of tlie I-Vder.il Tw.lflli < orp.s opened a furious fire upon the Confederates ou 

Culp's Hill. 
i-.'Vi A.M. — Sunri.se — Boili ariiiies. impatient to .--trike a decisive blow, were in battle-Hue. The guns boomed along the 

hills. 
C;OI) A.M.— The Fi-dcral Twrlflli (.n-ps was figliliiig dc-perately to regain its ohl entrenehmeiils on Culp's Hill whieh were 

b,-ing trnarioiid\ hild by .Ji.liii>on'> ( onfederatc-s. 
S:Olt A.M.— The ilealh giap]ile on Ciilii's Hill was proving one .,f the mo^l hcroie in Ihc aimaK ..f warfare. 
!):00 A.M.— The gromni on ( nips Hill was c.ivered with dead and w.iuiided. The roll of the lllll^ketl•y was the ii.o>t .severe 

in the liatlle. The troop- were engaged in hand-todianil eimtlicl. 
10:00 A.M.— Longstreet was iii~lrnited I,, form Ids I'iekelt's Division for il> f.inion- charge. 
W:>:, A.M.— .John.<on formed his Confcderale tnu.p- for the last assault on the Twelfth Corps. The terrible Federal fire 

reimlsed his gallant .soldiery .ind ilr.ivc them acro>s Uoek Creek, being .500 men as prisoners .nid three -lands of colors. 
11:00 A.M.— The Federal Twelfth C.jrps occupied the breastworks on Cul|i's Hill, wliicli were .■vaiM.ileil by .lohiisou's Con- 
federate troops. 

Xoi)\. — The crisis s.'cmed to have been rcaihcd. Bolh armies were preparing for a terrific bombardment. The battle was 
swinging li> the Federals, bnl Ihc' Confcd.'ralcs wi-re making an heroic light. 



1:00 P.M.— On.' hundred and (hirty-eight Confederate cannon opened fir.-, beginning Ihc most Icrrilic arlillcry ilucl <-ver 
wiln.'ssed. 

l:l.j r.M.-The F<',l,-ral cannon LW guns i suddenly bruk.- forth with a .Icaf.-ning roar. The .■ann..nadc of b..lli sides con- 
tinued for nearly Iwo hours. Battery after battery joiiicl in tin- uproar iiiilil Ih,- full arlillery of nearly -,'00 Federal 
guns were in aelimi. 

2:00 I'.M. -Cavalry balllc between Crregg's Federals and Stuart's Conf.-ilcratcs. The horsemen met in heroic conflict 
aboiil three miles cast of (icnysl)iirg. 

2:30 I-.M.— The Fi'dcral artillery bombardm.-nl gradn.illy da.kcned. lo allow the healed cannon to cool. 

2:1.5 P.M.— The fire of the Confederate arlillcry slackened. 

3:00 P.M. — Pickett's famous charge lo save Ihc Confederacy. The moment of decision had come. From llie woods in 
front of Ihc I'ederal lines appeared the niagnificenl colnnins of I'iekelt's and I'eltigrew's Divisions of Confederate 
w.irriors on llieir historic charge upon tile Federal cenler. With measured (ri'ad the men in gray moved toward the 
angli' in the stone wall, which to-day bears the significant name of "Bloody .\ngle." 



Where Mighty Armies Met at Gettysburg 




THE lATEl'LL I'lLLl) 

No iiictiirc lias ever liccii painted lo (■(|iial \\\U i)aii<>raiiia of llic \cry center of the 
^ronnd o\er wliicli siirjxed llie slruiiirliiii; lrii(i|)-> "mid --liiil and slicll during llio lliickest 
of llie figliling at (Jettysliurg. The caniera was planted on Little Round Top, anci 
llirougli its eye we look northward over the valley toward and heyond the little town of 
(iettysl)urg. Across tin- i)lain in tlie middle distance, over the Federal breastworks 
near the crest, and up to the ^■cry niuz/lcs of the guns on Cemetery Ridge 
wiiirli were l)eli]Ling forth gnipe anil canister, swept the men in gray under (Jeneral 
I'iikctt in the last hrave hut unsuccessful assault that left Meade in possession of the 
licld on Independence Day, 180,'}. The daring gallantry, utter coolness, and grim de- 
termination with which that charge was made have rarely been paralleled in liistory_ 
The spirit of complete devotion to the conviction which j)rompted Pickett and his men 
IS one of the most prei-ious heritages of a iiiiiird nation. 



OII|r0unlor;i| nf ebirit Say's lattlr— (Eouttuurit 

,'!:!.", P.M.— Srvciily-.iiLr l-'cdrnl (mumi.ii I.cIi-IicI fcrlli tlic-ir .sliiil anrl sli.'ll, tcariiii; I'ickctt'.s columns into .slircds. <iiiickly 
tlic lines filU'il up llicir gaps and marched on until Uii'y .stood within l.")l» yar-ils of the h'cd.ral line. .\ -allaiil 
charge carried I'ickelt's men over the Federal rifle piU only to meet a devastatin.y Ijlasl from the rifl<- and eann.m. 
The grim survivors were swept back by the furious fire. Out of 4, SOI) men lupt more than a thousand returned. 
Out of nineteen officers only I'ickett and a lieulenant-colond reni,iin,..l unharm.'d. 
4:1111 P.M.— The end of the .struggle hail come. The Federal Army lii'ld the liel.l. .\long the ro.i.ls lay th.- di^ad and the 

wounded. Cavalry horses were strewn over the field. Here .mil llnTc the sc.itl.rTd line's rm-t in (itful struggle. 
IMi i-.M.— Sun.set^The two armies lay ui)on tlieir arms. The b.ittlc was over. On the following morning the Confeder- 
ate Army under General Lee began it.s historic retreat back to \'irginia. 




TIDHALI/S AKTILLKKV TIl.VT lOI (illT AT GKT I \ SlUIUi 



Brady War Photographs 




H I III Wnl \li| I) \ I (.1,1 1 ^-lll Hi. 



To lli.s,- r.Mi(;li I.Mls. in.lid liy llir S.icin.l Krdiral Army Cirps. tin- woiiimI.cI liavi' l.<-.ii rii>li.-.l ilnriiij; llir vcciul .inil llilni iLi.vs 

of llic tiilftlili. -.1 of all AiiKTK'aii liatllivt. jtisl iliiiiUil at a insl of (i,(i<!l ilcail aiul il.imi woiiiiilnl. Am iioilatiniis arc siiiiplt'. Kilt 

|MI|)» liaii^' al llir fniiil of llir fon-iiiiist lent wliiTrwilli In slake tin- siilfiTcrs' llilrsl. ami at li'a.st iino woman nurse is prt-senl to soollir 
tiii'ir fevin-il lirows willi tin' loiicli of tier i-ool liainls. Hy lliis liiiir llii- amliiilamc or);ani/.ation of llic I'liion ariiiirs li.'iil Ix-cn |ii-r- 
r<'<'l('<l. SiK'li was III.' rflicii'iKy of its ailministnilioii llial on tli<' larly morning; of tli<' (III of July. IHC:!. llir day aftir tin- Imttli'. not 
oiu- Uduinlr.l sol.li.r of llic llioiisaiids »li<. Iiad fall.n was l.fl on llir fi.l.l. Tli.' iiisi>.-<lor-n<mTal of llu- army liims.lf report. d this 



On Battleground at Gettysburg 




SECOND COUPS HOSPITAL, IMON ( KNTEK, NEAR MEADE'S IIEADQl AKTEUS 



fact from personal investigation. Diirinj; the Ci\il War. Ihr n\nalicT of lialtle casnaltie.s .steadily inerea.sed, nnlil in llie year lS(it 
there were no less than 2,000 battle.s, actions, and sliirmishes officially reported, an<l (hiring the .se<-ond (|uarler of that year more than 
30,000 wounded were received in the Washington hospitals alone, while the total number of such admitted to all the hospitals during 
the same period e.'iceeded 80,000. For the war period. May 1, IS(il, to .June 30, 1865, the cases admitted to hospitals tor all surgical 
eanses amounted to 408,072, with .'i?..').'!! deaths. Of this great nund)er 2;J,5,;)85 were gunshot wounds, with 33,053 deaths. This gives 
a ease-mortality among the wounded able ^l, secure surgeon's care of U.2 per cent., a terrible loll of tin- nation's young nii-n. 



An Appeal for Peace at Gettysburg 




'iiiK oNKs WHO \i;\i;i{ ( ami: i!.\( k 



'rii<'s<- arc siiiiK' iif llic iiii-ti lor wlmni wailiiiu woiiicii wept tlic ones wliii never eaine liaek. Tliey l>e- 
liiiipMl lu !•; well's ( 'iir|)s, \vln> allaekeil tlie iM-iieral lines so i;allanlly on May IStli. Tliere may lie some who 
will Inrn from tliis piclnre willi a slnuliler of liorror. liiit it is no niorhid curiosity tlial will cause tliem to 
study it closely. If pictures sucli a>. tliis were familiar e\ery\\ here there would >oon he an end of war. We 
lan rcali/e money hy seein;; it expressed in fi;_'ures; we can r<'ali/.e distances hy miles, hut some things in 
their true mi-aiiinj,' can onl\' In- ^'rasped ami impressions formed with the sei-in;; eye. \"isuali/.inj; only 
t his small item of I he awful ius| I hi' lost heside w liicli money cuts no fijiure- an idea can he fjained of w liat 
war is. Here is a sermon in the cause of universal peace. The handsome lad lyini; with outstretched 
arms and clinched linpTs is a mule plea. Death has not disfij.'incd him he lies in ,in allilude of relaxa- 
tion and composure. Perhaps in some Southern home this sanii- face is pictured in the old family allium, 
alert ami full of life and hope, aiiij lure is the end. Does there not come to the mind the insistent (piestiou, 
"Why!'" Tin- l''ederal soldiers standim; in the picture are not thinking of all this, it may l)e true, lint 
hail they meditated in the way that some may. as they t;aze at this record of death, it would he worth their 
while. One of the men is apparently holding a spriy of lilossoms in his hand. It is a strange note here. 



The True Vision of Gettysburg 




MITE PLKADKKS I.\ THK (ALSK OF I'KACK 



There was liltlo time 
that could be eiiiph>yeil 
1)V either side in caring 
fur those who fell upon 
the (iehis of the ahnost 
uninterrui>ted fight inj^ 
at Gettyshiirg. On the 
morning of the Uh. 
wlien Lee hcgan to 
abandon his position on 
Seminary Ridge, oppo- 
site the Federal right, 
both sides sent forth 
ambulance and burial 
details to remove the 
wouniled and bury the 
.lead in the torrential 
rain then falling. I'nder 
cover of the hazy at- 
mosphere, Lee was gel- 




ting his wli..l,- army in 
motion to retre.it. 
Many an unlinishi'd 
shallow grave, like \\ic 
one above, had to be 
leftby the Confederates. 
In this lower picture 
.some menof tlieTwenty- 
fourlh Michigan iii- 
fantrv are Iv'ing dead 
on the field of battle. 
Tliis regiment —one of 
th.' units of the Iron 
Briga.le left seven .lis- 
linet rows of dead as it 
fell back from ballle-line 
lobaltle-line.onthefirst 
day. Three-fourths of 
lis members were struck 
down. 



MEN OF THE IRO.V BRIGADE 



Men Who Fought at Gettysburg 



\^-^^^^T^- 'ir^'^. 




11 IK MAN Wild iii'.i.i) I 111: ( KN ri:i{ 



lIca(l(|iiart(Ts of llri^'adicr-dciicral Alcxamlrr S. WClili. ll iji\ nlv cil ii|i<in llir man i>i(liir<'il lu'iv (lioDtcd 
ami in full nnifniiii. Ix-fmc liis lirail<|natlcr- lent lo lln- lilt of the |iirtuni lo tncil llic -liock of I'ickcll's 
;;rcat <liar;.'c. In coniniarKl of lliri'c I'i'inisylvania rcL'inictils llif Sc\ cnl y-I''irNl. Scvmly-ScroMil. am 
One Hundred an<I Sixlli) of Hancock's Second Corps. W'elth was eqind lo llie enierf,'ency. Stirred lo ;,'rea 
dceils liy the example of a |)alriotie anc-estry, he felt thai upon his holding' his position depended the out 
come of the day. His front had hecn IIk- focus of the ("onfederate arlillery (ire. l?att<-ri<-s lo ri^hl am 
Icfl of his line were practically silenced, ^'^>^nl<; Lieutenant Cushinj;, morlall.v woumlccl. (ircil the las 
s<T\iceaI)le ^'un and fell dead as Picketl's men came on. Whei-ler's KirsI New "\'ork Itatli-ry dashed up li 
lake Cushing's place and was captured l>y the men of .\rtnistea<l. Welili al Ihc head of llic Scv ciily-'-ciom 
IN-nn.sylvania fou^'hl hack the on-rush. postini; a line of sli;,'litly wounded in his rear. WcKli hirii-rif fcl 
wounded l>ut his connuand cheeked the assault till Hall's lirilliani <hari.'c lurn.'d the I idc at this point. 



In Wake of the Cavalry at Gettysburg 




HORSES killp:l) in battle— a serious loss 

The number of horses kille<l in battle was, after all. but a small fraction of those destroyed by exhaustion, starvation, and disease 
during the Civil War. When Lee's army mareheil into Pennsylvania lie had issued stringent orders against i)lnnclerliig. The orders 
were almost implicitly obeyed except when it <:imi- to the c|ue.stioii of liorses. The quartermasters, especially of artillery battalions, 
could seldom report their commamls coinpl<tcly equipped. The Confederacy had no great cavalry ilcpots like (liesboro. or those at 
St. Louis or Greenville in Louisiana. When a mount was exhausted he had to be replaced. Sonic of llic farmers actually concealed 
their horses in their own houses, but a horseless trooper was a veritable sleutli in rimiiiny down a lior.sc. whether concealed in the 
Iiarlor or in the attic. The Confederates offered to pay for the horses, but in Confederate currency. The owticr> occasionally accepted 
it on the principle that it was "better than nothing." The animals thus impressed inPenn.sylvaiiia were for tliein.isl i)art great, clumsy, 
fl.ibi>y I'rrchrrons and Concstoga.s, which reqnlnil more than twice the feed of the ciiipact. li.inl-iiiiisrlr.l lilll.- \irginia horses. It 
was pilial,!.- to see these great brutes suffer when they were compelle.l to dash oil at full gallop «ith a hcld-pi.ce after pasturing on 
tiry brooui-scdge aiul eating a <iuartcr of a feed of w<<-\il-infested corn. 



., £f^Z 




A CAVALKV HORSE I'K KETED 
AT THE EVENING BIVOUAC 



A Shrine of Valor at Gettysburg 




Tlir pri'liKlr lo I'iikctt's niapiifKt'iit cliurp' was a sudiirn dclm;' 
iif slii'lU fniiii l.'iil liiii^'-ranKc ('4iiif<Hl('ratc k<>"°> truiiii-<l ii|>on 
('••iiirliTV Iti<l);i'. (iniiTiil Mcailc anil liis staff wtrc instantly 
driven from their iiead<|iiarlers (already illuiitnited) and within 
live minutes the eiin(-entrati-<l artillery fire had swept every un- 
sheltered position on < 'enietory Kiilge clear of men. In the woods, 
a mile and a half <listant, I'ieketl and his men watehed the effect 
of the homhardnient, expecting the order to "Go I'onvard" up 
the slo|M' (shown in the picture^. The Kedends had instantly 
openi'd with their eiplity available )^ns, and for three hours the 
most terrific artiili-ry dui-l of the war wius kept up. Then the 
Ki-ileral firi' slackened, as tliouf;li the l>atteri»-s wi're silen«-d. 
The Confederates' artillery aninumition also was now low. "For 
Ciod's .sake, come on!" was the word to I'ickett. And at I.,ong- 
slreet's reluctant ncnl the commander led his 14,000 Virginians 
acro.ss the plain in their Irapi' charge up Ciiiiefiry Uidire. 



\viii:i{i: ri( KKir < ii.\I!(;ki) 



111 that liisloric chart;e was .Vrniislead, who achii-vcd a inoiiiciilary vi(ti>ry and met 
a liiro's death. On acro.ss the Knunitshur^' road came l'i<ketl's dauntless lirigades, 
coolly closing \ip the fearful chasms torn in their ranks liy the canister. Vp to 
the f<-nec hi'ld l>y Hays" liri^'a<li' dasheil the first gmy line, only to he swept into 
confusion l>y a crui-l enfilading fire. Then the brigades of .Vrniistead and (iarnell 
niovid forwaril, driving Hays" brigade back through the balleries on the <rcsl 
Despite the deal li-dcallng bolts on all sides, Pickett determined to capture tli' 
guns: and, at the ordiT, .\rniist<'a<l, leaping the fence an<l waving his cap on li!^ 
suiird-poirit. rushed forward, foMowed by almut a hunilrcd of his nii-n. I'p to lli' 
very rri-sl tlu-y fought tli.' I'ederals back, ami .Vrmisli'ad, slaiuling, "(Jive llieni tli. 
coir I steel, Imivs!" sei/.eil one of Ihegmis. For a moiui-nl I 111- ('onfederale flag wavi .1 
triiiniphaiitly over the Feileral balter.v. For a brief interval the fight raged fiercely 
at close (|iiartcrs, .\riiiistcad was shot down beside the gun he had taken, and his 
men were driven back. I'ickelt, as he looked around the lop of the ridge he hail 
gained, could see his men fighting all alHiiil with clubbed muskets and even flag- 
.-lalfs against the IriMips that were rushing in upon them from all sides. Flesh and 
bliHHl could not hold the heights against such terrible ihIiIs. and with a heart full of 
angui.sh I'ickett ordered a retreal. The despairing Ixingsln-et. watching from 
Seminary Hidge. saw through the smoke the shattered renmants drift sullenly 
down the slope and knew that I'ickett's glorious but costly charge was ended. 




(;i:m;|{\i, i. a aumisikad, (■..s..\. 



Heroism at Battle of Gettysburg 




A GUN AND GUNNERS THAT RKI'ULSKl) I'ICKETTS CHARGE 

FKOM A PlIOTOCHAI'lI TUKAsrUEI) NEAKI.V IIVLFA CKNTrin }',\ TUIC CAl'TAIX OK THIS H ATTFHY 

This i)li(it()i;raj)Ii of .-i niiii ;ii!<l caimoiu'crs tlial. licl|)C(l In clicrk I'ickctrs chariic .-il (ii-lly-liiiri; was 
l)rcsfr\c(l for nearly fifty years hy Andrew ("owan. <-a|)faiii of tlie hattery containini;' lliis unn. I''roni 
that liloocly angle on Cemetery Ridge his life was spared, although the eonunanders of IIk- liatlcries 
to right and left of him. Lieutenant Alonzo H. Cashing and Captani James Rorfy. hotli were killed. 
At the very height of the aetion, (ieneral Henry J. Hunt, chief of artillery of the army, rode inio Ihe 
hattery and fired his revolver at the oncoming gray line, exclaiming: "See'enil Sec '<'nil See "cm!" 
A moment, later. Cowan or<leretl his guns to cease firing, for fear <>f injuring liic men of Ihe Sixty- 
ninlJL rcnnsylvania at the wall in their front. The Sixty-ninth suddenly swung to liic right. leaving 
Ihe guns uncovered. The Coni'cderafes came rushing on from lichin<i a. sligiil clcvalion. covered 
with hushes and rocks, where they had crouched. .\ C.udcdcrat<- ofiiccr shouted, "Take llic guns!" 
Tiicy were douhleloaded, with canister. Some of Ihe hravc assailants were within 10 yards of the 
iuu/,/,lcs when C.iptaiu Cowan slioul(-d, " j-'ircl" 'I'wo hundred aiul twenty i-lnud<s of lead iiurst from 
the muzzles of each of tiie five guns. Before the deadly storm, the line in gray withered and was no 
more. "' We huried that offis-cr with honor," wrote Captain Cowan, to whom readers are indehted 
for both the photograph and this account. "I returned his sword l.o sur\ i\-ors of Tickelfs di\ ision 
on the same ground, twenty-five years afterward." .\t Cedar Creek, six nu)nths after this photo- 
graph. Sergeant William E. T'hister i.\i was . ripi)l.'d and Corporal llciirv .1. 'I'ucker (B) was killed. 



Last Stand at the Battle of Gettysburg 




■nil: III II. II r ni rin: iiMri.i; iiDr, 



\riir lliis niilr ti. 111.- Ic,.:il ,;■ I. TV (if ( l.tlysliiia' llicrr >Im,h1 .luring Id.- iKilllr lliis si«ii: "All p.rs.ins fi.iiiul iisini; firriirins in tli.-s.- 

Krciiinil- will I).' |>r..s,(iilr.l willi llic nliiiost rij;i.r of Hi.- law." Many a .sol.liir niiisl liavi- sniil.'d grimly al llirsr Honls. for tliis pil.-- 
way liiTanii- llii- key i.f Ihc- Ki-.icral linr. Ilic viTy irnlrr <if llii- rriirli-sl ns.- of liri-arnis yd s.i-n on lliis fontincnt. On llir first .lay 
Ui-ynoliis siiw tin- vain.- ..f Ccnii'lrry Hill in case of a ri-lrcjil, llowar.l |)..sl.-.l liis n-si-rvcs 1i.t<-, anil Hanr.M-k (fn-ally slrcngtliin.-.l 
till- I)i>silion. One linnilrcd nnd fifty Conf.'iliTatc ^.nins «.r.' Inni.-.l aijainsl it tlial last nfl<Tn.>on. In five niinntivs cvitv man <.f 
Ilic I'.'ilrrais hail hiin f..ri-.-.l to covi-r: for an lionr ami a half thi- shills fi-ll fast, dialing di-atii and laying wasti- Ihc siininiiT vi-rilnri- 
in Ihr lilth- uravi-yard. Ip lo thi- v.-ry t;nns of Ihi- Ki-diTals im Ci-mi-tiTy Hill. I'ii-ki'tt hd his divot.-d IriH.ps. .\t night of Ihi- .id 
it was ono vast slaii(;liliT-(ii-l.l. On this .-niini-m-i-. whiTi- llioiisaiids witi- hnrii-d. was di-.lii-ati-.l llii- sol.llirs' National ('.-nH-tiTy. 



Men Who Sent the Tidings from Gettysburg 




TELEGRAPIIEUS AFTER GETTYSBIUG 



The cfficicnl-loi.Uiiif; m:m l.-ariiii.; afiairisl tlic Irnl-puU- in llii- rear is A. II. CaMwrll. .liicf cii.li.-r opcralor for MvClcllaii, Itiirnsidc, 
Hooker, Mcado, and Grant. Tu him, just at l!io tlini- tliis pliotoKrapli was made, Linc(.lii addrrsscd tlir fainons dcsiiali-li s,-m( Io Sii.ion 
Cameron at Gettysburg. After being deeipljcred by Caldwell and deliven-.l, tlie message ran: "I would f;ivc nuicli [a be relieved of 
the impression that Meade, Couch. Sniitli. and .ill. sim-e the battle of Getty.sburg, have strivi-n only to get the eneiTiy over the river 
without another fight. Vlcasc tell me if you know who was the one eorps e<mnnander who was for fighting, in the eouneil of war on 
Sunday night." It was customary for cipher mes.sages to be aildre.s.sed to and signed by the liphir operators. All of the group are 
mere boys, yet they coolly kept open their telegraph lines, sending important orders, while under fire and amid the utmost confusion. 



A War Horse in the Battle of Gettysburg 




MKADH'S BATll.i; S( AlflJKD Mol \I' IIIKI.i: MONIIIS Al- I'KIl GETTYSBURG 



"Halily" was llu- linrsc Dial carried (Iciicral (li.nui- ( I. M. :nl<- I'lniii Srpl.riilpcr, ISOl, to (lie end of llie war, 
<-xcr|)l wlicii "alix-iil nil sick Ica\-c." Ills war rcoprd is rcniarkalilc for tlic iiiiiiilxT of wounds from wliicli lie 
pMovcrcd, rcporlin;,' for duly cadi lime lie was coiivalcscciil. lie was wounded Iwice at llio (irsl liatlle of 
l?iill Iliin.licforc lie came into fJeneral Meade's jiossession. Left on the field for dead al Antictam.lie was 
laler dis<-overed (jiiielly grazing', willi a dc(|i \\(iiiii<i in liis neck. Airain, at (lettysliurg, a Imlli I li)d.i,'ed 
lielwecn liis rilis and rendered liiin unalpjc In cari\- liIs owner aL'aiii iiiilil afler Ap|)oniatlox. "JJaldy" was 
a l>ri>,'lit Iiay liorse, willi wliile face and feel. Tliis luillcl -scarred \cleraii fnllnwcd (;<-ii<TaI Meade's hearse to 
his last resting-place in IST'i, and survi\-ed liini hy a decade. Tlie j>linlogra|)li was taken in October, 18G3. 



THE TRAGEDY of tin- Hat tie of (iettysburg is almost beyond limiiaii eoinpreheiision. 
In these pages not only the ])onip and glamour of war is faithfully |)ic'tured, liut tiie 
veil is lifted and the visage of war is revealed in all its hideous truth. The ashen 
faces of the dead on the hlood-stained field tell their owti story — and yet it is hut a 
glimpse of the real tragedy. When the last roll was called on the battleground of 
Gettysburg nearly 50,000 brave men failed to answer. Dead, wounded and missing — their 
silence revealed the actuality of war. The dead bodies of nearly 8,000 soldiers had crimsoned the 
.sod. The blood from nearly '2.), 000 w(>un<l('d had drenched the field. More than 17,000 soldiers 
had fallen prisoners of war. Tlu' lifeless forms of .5,000 horses lay on the deserted battleground. 
Nearly ^28,000 muskets were i)icked uj) in the wake of the armies. 

Gettysburg had become a house of death. Through the village streets could be heard the 
groans of the suffering. Every church and .schoolhouse and public building was turned into a hos- 
pital. In many regiments of Longstreet's and Hill's corps every regimental officer and nearly 
every company officer was killed or wounded. The famous charge of the Light Brigade at Bala- 
klava lives in song and story, but its losses of 36.7 per cent of its soldiers were the common expe- 
rience of many regiments on the field of Gettysburg. In the Fjrst Minnesota regiment at Gettys- 
burg 82 per cent of its men fell in the battle; the IJ'Ist Pennsylvania Regiment lost 7J.~ i)er cent. 
The "Jfith North Carolina went into Gettysburg with nearly 800 men; it returned with less than lOi) 
uninjured. In one company every officer and man was struck and even the orderly that made out 
the list did it with a Indlet in his leg. The "Iron Brigade" of Reynolds' Corps entered the battle 
with 1,883 men and lost 1,'21'2. Stone's "Bucktail" brigade went into battle with less than 1,'200 
and lost 85'2. 

The official documents briefly record these figures: Federal officers killed, 21.6; wounded, 1,145; 
captured or missing, 183. Enlisted men killed, 'i.OOD; wounded, 13,384; captured or missing, 5, 182; 
total losses, •23,040. 

The Confederate records are incomplete but their most authoritative sources give these esti- 
mates: killed, 2,592; wounded, 12,700; cajitured or missing, 5,150; total lo.sses, 20,448. These figures 
are materially increased by other statisticians. 

The Federal losses by states at (iettysburg siiow New York heading the list with (J.? Ki; I'enn- 
sylvania second with 5,801; then follow Massaciuisetts with 1.537; U. S. Regulars with 1.374; 
Ohio with 1,271; Michigan, 1.111; Maine, 1,027; Wisconsin, 806; New Jersey, 634; Indiana, 552; 
Vermont, 415; New Hampshire, 368; Connecticut. 340; Minnesota, 224; Delaware, 161 ; Illinois, 139; 
Maryland, 140; Rhode Island, 97; U. S. Volunteers, 92; West Virginia. 67; Staff, 56; .Vmbulance 
Corps, 1; total, 23,049. 

The cost of Gettysburg is comi)Uted at nuuh larger figures by several historians, but the general 
decision seems to be that the losses of the two armies were about eciual and that tlu-y reach the 
api)alling figure of 50,000 men. .Vs an approi)riate closing to this chapter a few photograi)hs arc 
here shown that were taken along the lines of l.ee's retreat. 



Brady War Photographs 




■hi; i'im/i; 'iiivr imi"i:i;ii.i.i;i) s'rr\i;r (»\ i 

I'KDKKAL L1M:s 



I- i)\i;i\(; KAin ixio iiii; 



III lliis slrikiTii; |ili(>liiL'i':i|iii of 1S(!:> a|)|>cars llic prize al wliicli Ciciirral J. K. H. Stiiarl i^a/cd 
liiii^' anil anlnill.v (liiriiiL; lii^ rrconiiaissaiiiT In Warrciildii Slalion mi llu- Kllli of Oilulicr, 
lH(i;!. aflrr Lcc"> liii^loc (aiii|iaii.'ii. His lialf-slar\<'ii < av alrxiiicn iiii:<iill\' needed jii^t >neli 
a wau'iin-train as lliat. liiil. as tliey peered fmni llieir anililisli. Ilie lii)|)efiil expressions 
faded away. IJeyniid llie park of wairons Sliiarl's praetieed eye liail discerned a inovinj; 
(loud of diisl. Tlial ni;,'lil lie was eonliiK-d to a little ridfie, witli the I'nioii eoliinins moving 
to llie riylil and left of liis isolated fori-e. l?y dawn tlie rear of llie passini: eolnnms were 
cookin.' tlieir lueakfasls at llie fool of tin- rlik'e. l?v llie liol.l d.-\ iee of firing inio tlieiii and 



After the Battle of Gettysburg 










■'-.A^ 




PART OF THE "VAST PARK OF WAGONS" 0\ WHICH THE CONFEDERATES GAZED 
FROM AMBUSH, OCTOBER 10, 1803 



ropclliiifi tl 


eir firsi alia 


■k, SI liar 


(li-con 


vrle.l tlle 


pursuit and 


made good his 


escape. 


This 


view of tlio 


wagons "in 


l)ark."" o 


• gathci 


('(1 in one 


lartre body 


in an ojien fiek 


, represf 


Ills a 


Iraiii of th 


■ Sixth Cor| 


s. Army 


.f the 


I'liloniac, lU'ar Brandx 


Slalion, dnrin 


g llic an 


Innin 


clays of 18().'5, after tl 


ic (Icily 


l)nrg (■ 


inipaiuti. 


The wagon.- 


in the foregr 


luiid an 


ani- 


l)iilanees, w 


hile iinmedi; 


ilcly in ll 


eir rear 


sland thel; 


rge artny w 


igons used for s 


ihsisleiK 


e and 


(juarterina!' 


ter's stores. 


The horses are 


liarnessed I 


) Ihe vehiel 


es i)rei)aralory 1 


o the forward 


iiio\'enient. 


It took this 


train across the R 


i])pahanno( 


k River tow 


ird (^ulpei)er and the Ra| 


>idan. 


wliere liistt 


ry iiuliiates 


that they 


formed 


part of tho 


>e u|)on whi 


-h Stuart gazed 


so covetously. 



The Retreat from Gettysburg 



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The Retreat from Gettysburg 




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Armies that Fought at Gettysburg 




V'ETEUA.N.-^ i.\ LA.\ir iiii: 11 nil i'1..\.\.-m.\a.\ia ai ukandv >T\rii>\, \mmi;r of isgs 

A vivid illustration of tlic <laily camp life of the Army of llic rotuiiiai in llie winter of 18C3-C4 is supplied by these two pholrpraphs 
of the Siimc seenc a few nionienls apart. On the left-hand page the men are playing curds, loafing, strolling about, and two of them 
are engaged in a boxing match. ( )n the right the horse in the foreground is dragging a man seated on a barrel over the snow on a sled, 
another man is fet<liing water, and the groups in front of the huts are reading newspapers. In the lower photograph the card-playing. 




After the Battle of Gettysburg 




,£• 




BELOW, THE SAME AS IT HAD SHIFTED A FEW MOMENTS LATER 

lounging, and boxing continue, the horses haw been ridden, led, and driven out of the pieture, and tlie man with the bucket has 
turned away. During the war Pennsylvania furnished to the service twenty-eight regiments, three battalions and twenty-two com- 
panies of cavalry, five regiments, two battalions, and three companies of heavy artillery, one battalion and twenty-nine batteries of 
Jight artillery, a company of engineers, one of sharpshooters, and 25S regiments, five battalions, and twenty-five companies of infantry. 




Brady War Photographs 



■p" 



n&i 

^ 





Willi I III. I \i;i;ii;ks 
oi' Tin: 

ll'.DI.KAl, ( WAI.UV 



After the Battle of Gettysburg 




These photographs were made at the headcpiarters of the Army of the Potouiac in August, 186S, the montli 
following the battle of Gettysburg, where the cavalrx' lunl fully deiiionstratcd ils value as an essential and 
effieient branch of the service. Every company of cavalry had its own farrier. cTdislcd as such. These 
men not only had to know all about the shocint: of horses, Imt also had to he skilled xctcrinary surgeons, 
such as each regiment has at the i)resent day, coming next in pay to a second lieutenant. I'lainly 
visible are the .small portable anvil on an overturned bucket and the business-like leather aprons of the 
men. An army "marches u])on its stomach," but civalry ruardies upon its hor>-es" feel, which nuisl be 
cared for. In the larger photograph the men have c\id<iitl\- just beiouic aware tli.it their pictures are 
being taken. In the smaller exposure in the corner, the man Ik ildint^ the liorse cm the right has faced about 
to show off his horse to the best advantage; the horse holder on the left is facing the camera, arms akimbo, 
and a cavalryman in the rear has led up his white-faced mount to insure his inclusion in the picture. 



The Winter After Gettvshurg 




i:\ i.i; I'.i -^ ruooriiu,- a r duii.i. 



The .swiftly nuiviii;,' ( '..nrcdcnilc Inx.pcrs. iiii(l<r (l:is|iiiiu l,;i<l(i> like Sliinrl ;iii(l Wlicclcr. allowed \\w heads 
of the riiion cavalry not a motiieiil of peace. When iiifaiidy ueiil iiili. winler i|iiafters they emild li\e in 
(■oiii|>arative eomfort and freedom from aclu.il < arniiai^rnini,' nnlll I lie ro.id- lie.anie passahle a,i;aiu lor llieir 
heavy wa^'oh-lraiiis In I he >prini,'. Hnl < oiilederale raiders kneu neil her I lines nor seasons, and liii're were 
iniiny jjoints when the damage lhe\ ini-hl do woiiM he ineaieulalile. So llie l''ederal eaxalrv's winler task 



Soldiers Who Fought at Gettysburg 



'-j^T-:*^'' 



^fc'. 




^-- -vl 




11 ^ 



-*ftv.* 



..JiaMiMiill 



UNION CAVALRY L\ WINTER QUARTERS 

was to discover, if p.is.il,l.>, [hv ('onf,..l(.rMt.-s- uvxt move. un<! lo foivshill il. This plu.tograpli shows three 
troops (h-illin^tj on llic plain l><'siilrth.-irwinl.T<|nMrtcrs. Theslark I r.vs aiul al.sciKv .,f -rass iiulicate clearly 
the time of the year, and lli.- Ion- siiacio\v< show as truly as a watch that the time of day was late afternoon. 
A swift niuht-mar.li may lie in store for the troopers on the iilain, or they may return to the shelter of their 
wooden huts. It is ])robable, however, that they cannot enjoy their comfort for more than a week or two. 



Cavalry that Fought at Gettysburg 



t 



|prvv 





i«l» 



llli: lil;-l I Mil. I) SIATKS KLCilLAl! ( \\ \l.li^■ 

TlH^ sliirily silf-riliaiicc (if llicsc- mliritir.i. .stiiiulliiK "I <-ii'*i' lliiiiij;li witli(Hit a tnur iif sUnicliiiii-ss, slamps tli.in as llic dinil suoocssors 
(if Marion, llir "Swamp Kox," ami i,f "Lij-lil-llursc Ilurrj" Uc of tin- War f(ir Iii<lcp<n<lcm-i-. The nuiimnl lia.s Ixrii ill ctinliiiiioiis 
service fnmi IS.S;) In llie present ilay. OrKuiii/.e(l as llie Kirst DriiKiHins and sent tii tlie sdiilliwest to wateli tlie Pawnc-es and Conianelies 
at tlie time it Ix^unn its existence, the rcpnieiit liad its name clianKol to tlie First I'nited Stales Regular Cavalry on July i", 1801, when 
McClellun iissiimed <'oniinai)d of the Kastern army. This photograph was taken at Rrandy Station in February, 1804. The regiment 
at this time was attached to the Reserve Hriffade iindir General Wesley Merritt. The troopers l<K)k part in the first battle of Bull Run, 
were at tin- sii-ge of ^^lrktown, fought at Gaines' Mill and Beverly Ford, scrvi-d under Merritt on the right at Gettysburg, and did llu'ir 
duly at Yellow Tavern, Treviliiin Station, uud in the Shenandoah \'u!Iey under Sheridan; and they were present at .\ppomuttox. 



ws% 






-/.•^'> 





a^gtm^nts SItat iffnitgltt at ^rtty^lntrg 



T 



HE STRENGTH OE THE TWO GREAT ARCHES in llio Rattlr ..1' G.ltyshuro 
will always he subject to controversy. Init it is <;eiierally af,M-eeil that their conihiiied 
forces reached 15.'3.000 soldiers. Tiie most unbiased apijroxiinate is prol^ably that 
of the C'onite de Paris in which he nives these estimates: 



Army of the Potomat — 8.5,.>(>0 Infantry; 10. .<()() Cavalry; 7, 000 .\rtillery— 
•■i.T.JO men who took no i)art in the battle — total, 10.>.7.50 men with :!.V2 jjieces of artillery, but 
deducting the Heavy .Vrtillery in reserve at Westminster, the guards on sui)i>ly trains, and on 
other duties, the effective force of ^Nfeade is reduced to from 8'2.000 to 84,000 men. with '.Vll guns. 

Army of Northern Virginia— .">!). 4'.20 Infantry; 10.'2!K' Cavalry; 4,7.5(1 Artillery: 14,'-'H(i men 
not under arms — total, SS,7.}4. Deducting all the losses l)y various means, the brigades and 
regiments absent, and the men engaged on other duty, it is estimated that Lee brought into actual 
combat during the three ilays at Gettysburg from ()S,000 to (JO, 000 men and ••2,50 guns— or about 
19,000 less than Meade 

The composition of the lu-deral Army at Gettysburg rejjresented eighteen states with '-'.'JO 
infantry organizations of various strengths; .'54 regiments or parts of regiments of cavalry; 47 
batteries of artillery. This was augmented b.v iG batteries from the United States .Vrmy, 1:? 
regiments of regular infantry; and four of ca\alry — making a total of .'UiO organizations. The 
Middle States led with 108 of these organizations; New England was second with (i7; the Western 
States third with .5'-2; and the United States regulars conlribuled the remaining 4:?. New York 
stood first at (Gettysburg with 91 organizations; Pennsylvania second with 84. Each of Ihese 
states contributed more than one-fourth of the Federal .\rmy at Gettysburg. 

The composition of the Coid'ederate .Vrmy at Gettysburg represente<l twelve states with a 
total of 28;5 organizatiotis. Virginia led with 110; North Carolina was second with 4(1; (Georgia 
third with 4.); .Vlabama fourth with 19; South Carolina fifth wilh IS; Louisiana sixth with 17; 
Missi.s.sippi .seventh with \i\ then came Maryland with (i; Tennessee with .'i; Elorida, .'5; Texas, ;5; 
and one from Arkansas. Old Virginia .suiJi^lied one-fourth of the infantry, two-thirds of the cavalry, 
and nearly two-thirds of the artillery. The three statt-s of \'irgiuia, North Carolina and Georgia 
furnished nearly three-fourths of the Confederate .Vrmy. 

There was a total of '29 states represented by troops in the two armies in the Mattle of (Jettys- 
burg. Maryland sent commands into th<' b.ittle in bolh .irmies. 

The great Brady Collection of Civil War |>liot(jgra|)hs contains aclual |)rints of nian.\' of Ihese 
regiments, .several of which are shown in these pages as indicative of the complete resclation in 
the standard ten-volume librarv. 



Troops that Fought at Gettysburg 



t^68fc.. 




-y:-. 




s()i,i)ii;i{s iiiAT si(»()i) ()\ riii: umii.i: i.im-; \i (,i;i'i ^-lu uc, 

'riii-> |ili<it()L:r,i|ili \x\\i-^ :i L'liin|)>r iiiln arlual life in llic cimps (if llic iirinii'^ in lln- Anicrii;in ( 'i\ il \V:ir. 
U fcvf:iU llic |M.ni|> and |)Mno|>l.v ol' war in ccmliMsl |<> ||i,' Ini^ic |)li(il(.i.MM|)li^ tliat Idl llir -lory nl' the 
battlc-li.-l.l. 



Brady War Photographs 




CA^II' I.IFK I\ THK AMKlflCW CIMI, \\ \\l 



TlicM- Iroiips slii.w flir 7 nil New ^■(lrk Inl'inlry a n-iinciit llinl --I.hmI uii Ihc l.Mttlc-lilio at ( id Ivshuri;- 
Throii.uliout tin' war it iiiadc an licfdic rci-urd and appeared al Cictlysburg with ranks lliiiuied by two year.' 
of continuous and couraacons fiuiitina'. 



Troops that Fought at Gettysburg 




Tin: liAiri.i; hymn ok tiik HKrrm.K — -a iiindhki) tiiuLiN(. ■ 

Tlif tiiiii- i.f tilis |ili(.li.nra|)li aiul its iictors ccmiiiHt dinrlly witli Julia Waril IIowi'.s iii.s|iira(iiin for lur "■ liattlr llvimi " The author, 
in tlic late fall of iHdI. hail made lirr (irst visit lo Wiusliiiif.'toii in conipaiiy with hrr pastor. James I'ri-cnian tlarko, (iovornor Androw 
of Mu.s.siu'hn.si'tls, aii<l her )iii.sl>aiiil. Dr. IIowo, who, alri'udy past till" ativ of tiiililary scrvico, rendered valuable aitl as an odicor of 
the Sanitary Coniinission. Of her visit she writes in her "Heniinisti'nees": "On the return from the review of lr<K)ps near the eily, to 
lieKuile the rather tedious drive, wi' san« from time to time snatehes of the army son^s so popular at that time, eonehidinj;. I think, with 
■John Hrowii'slMidy.' The soldii-rs . . . answered liaek. 'dood for you!' Mr. Clarke S4iid,' Mrs. Howe, why do you not wrilesomef;o»d 
worils for that stirring tune?" I replie<l that I hail often wished to do thi.s. but luid not as yet found in my miml any leading toward it. 
I went to Im'iI tluil night as usual, and slept, acionling to my wont, quite soundly. I awoke in the gray of the morning twilight; 
and as I lay waiting for the dawn, the long lines of the desin-d pm-m began to twine themselves in my mind. Having thouglit out all 
the stan/jis. I sjiiil to myself, 'I must get up and write those \<Tses down, lest I fall a-slei'p and forget them.' So, witli a sudden effort, 
I sprang out of U-d. and found in tlie dimness an old stump of a jM-n whieh I rememl)ered to have used the tlay before. I serawled 
the verses almost uithnut liHiking at the i).'i|)er. I had learned to do this when, on previous oo<-asions. attiicks of versification had 
visited me in the night, and 1 feanil to have n-eourse to a light lest I should wake the lj;iby. who slept near me. I was always obliged 
to deeipher my .scrawl Infore another night should intervene, iLS it was only legible while the matter was frejih in my mind. .\t this 



Brady War Photographs 




THE I'IFTH VEHMONT IN lS(il. WITH IHEII! (OLONKL, I,. A. CK.WT 

tiini-. having cimiiilftrd my writing, I nturni'd to Ix'd jind fi-11 iislrqi. >:i\ iiig t.. nivsrlf, ] Ilk.- 1lli^ li.tt.T lli;i,n nm-t tilings tliat I liavc 
Wiitl.-n.' " In ISCl the' Kiftli Vermont \:\\ n.^r (^imp (irifliii. It wms uii Hi.- oiilskirls of Ihr .iLMiiiiiriirnl- in \ irginiu. n.ar W.isli- 
inglon. and conscciucntly snbjrct loattacks hy tlir ( unfc-d.rat.s. Its cMn-.T tlirc.ngli.)iit tli.- w.iv isiin.of lli^il tli.' .-,|iiril ..f tin- " H.il llr- 
IIyran"aniinatt'd these boys in Mnr. Its I.i,Mit.ii;iiil-( ,,li,nrk I.. A. (iraiil, »li.. >il> r.n his charg.r t(. tli.- right, h.-canir famous l.ili r 
as the general .i.mmanding tlir •■\.-niionl Hriga.l.-." T,, the left is Ma j.ir li.dhrld I'm, t,,r. 1,,-aving < am|i ( .rithn ..n Manh 1(1, 
18(>J, the regiiii.-nt moved to the Peninsula. Its name heeani.- kno»n al ^'orkLivMi and Savage's Stati..n, .it Auti.lam, Frederieks- 
l,urg. an.l (.ellyshnrg In the Wil.leruess e.-uu|i.iign, irithe halt!.- of May .It h. it asMst.'d in .heeking the advaiiee ,,f the Confederates 
along the |)lank roa.l in time for the S,-,,,nd ( orps to tak.- a strong position It was hi the he.avy lighting of the snee.vding il.-iy. and 
at the ■■jiloody Angle" .at Spot s,\ Ivania was engaged for eight hours in the d.sperate and determiue.l ...ulesl . The brigade connn.-mder 
reporteil; - It was empathieally a hand-to-hand tight. Se,.res \\,re shot d..\vu within a few feet ,.f the d.ath-dealing nniskets." .\fter 
b.ittling all the way d.iwn to Petersburg, the Fifth \"erm,>ut was Mi.ldcniy rusla.l lo Washington to repel Early's a.ttaek. It then .-ngaged 
in the thrilling vielories of Sli.^ridau in the \'.dley hi I >eeeuil).r. it r.'turne.l to Petersburg and ended its aeti\e service only with the 
surrender at .\ppoiuatto\ During these f,.ur years ,,f s.-r\ier. the regiment lost eleven ortiei-rs and Jo.' .-nlislrd men killed and mortally 
wounded, and one otheer ami \il enlisted nun by diseas,-. Its total los, was th.-refon- 3:;s, w,.,rtl.y ..f the famous " \'ermont Hrigaile." 



Guns that Roared at Gettysburg 




TlIK TWO GREAT ('O:\QIANDEIIS at Gettyshurg have taken immortal positions 
in the hearts of the American |)eo|)le. In command of tlie Federal Army of the 
I'otuniac was Gcni'ral George (iordnn Meade, wliile (ieneral Robert E. Lee com- 
manded llic ('(iiifcdcrate Army of Xorllicrn \'irginia. Tlie lives of these men are 
familiar to vwvy AincTicaii and tlieir lieroic deeds at Gettyshurg will })e recited 
by the generations. 

The roll-call of the Gorp Connnanders brings to the memory many galhuit names. In tlie 
Feileral .Vrmy there were R<ynolds, Doubleday and Newton in command of the 1st ('or[)s; 
Hancock, Gibbon, Caldwell and AVilliam Hay.s in command of the '•2nd ('or|)s; Sickles and Biriiey 
of tlie :!rd Corps; Sykes of the ,)th Corps; Sedgwick of the Oth Cor])s; Howard and Schurz of 
the 11th Corps; Slocum and Williams of the I'ith Corps; Pleasontoa of the Cavalry Corps; 
Hunt of the Artillery Reserve; Xorton as Chief Signal Officer, and Warren as Chief Engineer. 

The roll-call of the Confeilerate Cor])s Connnanders brings these familiar names: Longstreet 
of the 1st Corps; Ewell of the 'ind Corps; Hill of the .'>rd Corps; Stuart in charge of the Cavalry 
Corps; Pendleton in conunand of the Artillery Corps; Smith as Chief Engineer, and Walton, Brown 
and Walker with the Artillery Reserves. The list is tcjo long to allow us to name the division and 
brigade commanders in the two great armies. 

The honor roll of the officers who fell killed or woinidcd in the Battle of Gettysburg must be 
recorded in these pages. The Federal officers killed were Reynolds, Cross, Zook, Willard, Sherrill, 
Weed, Vincent, Roberts, INIerwin, G. H. Ward, O'Kane, Revere, Ellis, Francine, Jeffords, O'Rorke, 
C. Fred. Taylor, Fowler, Mudge, Cashing, Ilazlett, Wilkeson, Rorty, Woodruff, Cunnnings, Grover, 
Sofield, Huston, Messick, Tschudy, Thoman, Steele, Ellgood, Wheeler, Kearney, W. O. Stevens, 
Farnsworth. 

Federal officers wounded at Gettysburg were: Hancock, Sickles, Meredith, Stone, Paul, Stan- 
nard, Gibbon, Webb, Smyth, Graham, Barlow, Butterfield, Leonard, Root, Dwight, Chamberlain, 
Dudley, Fairchild, (i. 11. Stevens, Mansfield, Flanigan, Wright, (i. H. Biddle, Miller, Warren. Hunt, 
Coulter, C. D. McDougall, Randolph, Brooke, Hart, Watson, Thonii)son, McCoy, McThoni])son, 
M(d''arland, Wister, HuidekopiM', Widdis, Bentley, Maroney, Freudenberg, Morris, Hammel. J. W. 
R.-ynolds, H. L. Br.)wn, Colville, Duffy, Xeeper, H. L. .Vbbott, Fred Brown, Walker, Witcombe, 
Pierce. Pnlfonl, Jones, Tomlinson, Mc.Vllister. Scwell. Wcstbrook, Healey, Ram.sey, Bailey, Xil.'s, 
Sayles, Bigelow, Seeley, Bucklyn, Ransom, Eakin, Prescott, Ste])henson, Freedley, Lee, I. C. Abbott, 
Lockman, Brady, Maloney, Harris. Morgan, Hartung, ]\Iahler, J. S. Robinson, Carman, J. C. Lane, 
W. F. Stevens, Barnum. Starr. Morrow. 

The Confederate officers killed at Crcltysburg were: Senunes, Barksdale. .Vvery. .Vrmistead, 
Garnett, Magruder, Latimer, .Vllen, Hodges. Wade. Ellis, W. D. Stuart, Edmunds, Patton. L. B. 
Williams, Pettigrew, died from wound, July 17, 18(i.'5. Pender died from wound July IS, ISti.'!. 

Confederate officers wounded at Gettysburg were: .V. P. Hill, Heth, Hood, Trimble, Kemper, G. 
T. .Vnderson, J. M. Jones, Marshall. Posey, Pegram, Scales. Fry, Wade TI,imi)lon, llunlon. Herberl. 
Kyd Douglass, E. W.Jones. .Icnkins. The above is but a partial list of the Confcdcrale-, killed and 
woimded for no complete record is in existence. 

Thousands of ])orlraits of the officers in Ixilh the Fecleral and Coid'ederate armies are ])ortra>cd 
in the ten-volume library, a few of which are now shown in these pages. 



Warrior Who Led Federal Army at Gettysburg 







(.r,\i;i{Ai.s WHO loi (,iir \v (,i;ri ^--r.i i;(, mivdi. wd -i.ix.wk k 

III tlic iTiiliT i-. ( ii-iiiT;il M(M<li-, aiiil ,il lii-. Iill sIjikJs M,ijiii-( Ii'HcimI .loliii S('(l;,'\viik, ciimmMiiiiiiii; 
tlicSixlii Army Corps. Scilj;\vick wears liis I'miiiliur roiiiid Iial and is smiling'. 'I'liis i)liiil(>j,'ra|)li was taken 
tlicycarafUT (;ftlysl)iir>; in winter caniii Ix-l'iireSpolsyK ania Court House. McMaiion of iiis staff had l)ef,';,'ed 
Sedfiwiek to avoi<l passing' some artillery expo-'ed lu I In- ( 'iiiif( derate lire. In uliieli Sed^^wiek iiad playfully 
replied, "MeM.dion, I would like In know ulio eiimman(K llii^ eor|i>-. vnu or I'" Tlien lie ordered simie 
inf.-intry liefoiv him lo shil'l toward Hie rii.'iil. Tiieir muvemeiil divw llie lire ,.|' the Conlederale^. The 
lines were close to^'ether; the silualion tense. .\ sharpshooter's hullel whistled Sed^w iek rell. lie was 
taken to !\feade"s liead(|uarlers. Tlic .\rniy of llic I'oloiiiac liad lost another corp.s commander, and the 
I'nion a lirilliaiit and eoiiraL'i'ons soldier. 



General who Led Confederate Army at Gettysburg 




l!()l!i:i{l' K. I.KK IN I 



It was witli llicfinivrsl iiiispvitiKs tlmt l.rr \,rii:in liis invasidii of the N'orlli in ISC.'i. Hi- wns 
tu,, wis,- a ;;rni-ral not to rcalizr that a rriisliini; .Irfc-at was possil,!,-. V.-t. willi Xickshiir- 
alri-aily ilooiiii-cl, tin- rfl'ort to win a ilc.isivc \iilory in llic Kast was inipi-rativi- in its inipor- 
lanir. Mai,'nifici-nt was tin- ciinrafrc ami forlilnilr of Lee's iiianeuverini,' ilnring that Idiih 
niarrh wliicli was tii end in faihire. IIitli(-rto Ik- hail niaile every one of his veterans eiinnt for 
two of their antagonists, hut at Gettysbnrg the oilds hail fallen heavily against him. .laeksim, 
his resourceful ally, was no more. Longstreel ailvi^eil strongly against giving battle, hut I>>e 
unwaveringly made the tragic effort which s.-urilii-ed more than a third of his splendid army. 



Portraits of Heroes at Gettysburg 




.MA.)()U-t;i;M:u.vL joiin iu i-ord 

(ii'inTal niifonl was iini- of Uir foifinost cavalrj' leaders of the North. lie is crwliled hv many witli havinp chosen 
the Gilil on »lii<h the Uittle of fieUyshiirfj was fought. He was born in IKifi in WixKlford ("oiinty. Kentucky, 
(;ni<limte<l at West Point in I)vl8, and sawsenice aptinst the Indians. In NovemI>er. ISGl.he attaine<l to therank 
«)f major, ami in July, 18(Ji, he was made bripidier-penend <if volunteers. Wiile in command of a cavalry brisade 
in ItMii, Ituford was woimded in the seconil Ijiittle of Hull Hun. In Mc-Tlellan's Maryland campaign, at 
Kn-dericksburc. anri in the spirited cavalry enpipements at Rnndy ."^tiition. he playi^i his part nobly. In 
I'eniLsylvania he displayed remarkabh- ability and o|>ene<I the Iwllli' of ("leltysburp Ix'fore the arrival of Reynolds' 
infnntn.- on July Isl. The Conile de I'ari.s .<ays in his " History of the Civil War in .\merica": "It w.os Ruforti 
who seU-clefl the l>attlefield when' tin- two annies were alxml lomejisure thi'lrstrenRth." .\fter taking part in the 
pursuit of !,«■<• and sulwiiiuent o|M-nilions in ii-ntnd Virginia, he withdrew on sick leave in Novemlx-r, ISCi, 
and died in ^Vlu^llinL't'ln on DeeeiidKT Kilh, r«-ceinnga commission as major-general only on the iLiy <if his death. 



Portraits of Heroes at Gettysburg 




^LUOR-CENEE-UL '^TSLEY MEERITT 

General Merritt did his share toward achieving the momentous results of Gettysburg. With his reserve brigade 
of cavalry on the Federal left, he caused Law to detach a large force from the Confederate main line in order to pn>- 
tect his Hank and rear. Merritt served with distinction throoghoot the Civil War and later in the ?panjsh-.\merican 
War. He was bom m New York City in 1S36. gra»iuate.l at West Point in 1S60. and was assigned to the Second 
Dragoons. In ApriL lS6i he was promoted to be captain. He rode with Stoneman on his famous Richmond raid 
in April and May, 1S63, and was in command of the cavalry reserve at Gettysburg. Merritt commanded a cavalry 
division in the Shenandoali Valley campaign under Sheridan from August. lSfr4. to March. IStjo. and in the tmal 
Richmond campaign the cavalrj- corps. After rendering service in the Spanish-.Vmerican War. and command- 
ing th^ f.,~„< ;„ tK.. pK;K.,„;T,.,i V,.. ^..^ r...;r,.,; •■r,,,-- ,.»:.,. ^.:-.--,>. :n ];r^^, I'l..!). U,f .il^l L">e^-Vn;">-T >. '.:n'\ 



Cavalryman at Gettysburg 




Tliis marti;il |>Iic)|ii;,'im|,1i portrays Iwu of the me 

Sliiiirfs clriirf;)' on llic lliinl day al (icttyslxirL', v 

had hwii wavering' to and fro, and I'lrktll uas : 

with his veteran cavah-y f,'ain<'d the ic.ir of I he 1". 

more than siifliii.'nl to win ihr day for (he (onf 

was infonnrd thai a lar-r l.o.ly of < •ontVd.wat.' cavah-y was moving a-ain>l Ih.- ri-ht .,f the hn.-. (l.-ncral 



1 whip |iir\(iil(d the Micif^s of Iho ( (inlVdiTato ("ictii-ral 
Imu Ihc lldc n\' l.alth- hclween Ihcloni.' lines of infantry 
i\aMcinL;on Cenielrry Ridi.T. Had lli,- l.rilhanl Sinarl 
•dcral hue, the naliiral pariii' FoUouiriL: rni-ht have Ix-eii 
■(h'rale cause. Alionl I ri on .Inly :!d. (H-n.'ral (irefrj; 



Cavalry Leader at Gettysburg 




3 ••'-'- 



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PLEASOXTOX AX]) CISTHR. rilRKK MOXTHS IJKFORE THE BATTLE 

Grej;<i held Ciistt'r'.s V)rigado, which had hccii onh'icd hack tn the left of the line, in order to help in<'el the 
attack. The Seventh Michifran Cavalry niel I he chart^c of a reifiiiieiit of W. H. F. Lce'.s hrigacK', and this 
was followed by a charge of the First Michigan, driving hack the Confederate line. Then followed connler- 
charges hy the Confederates until a large i)art of both commands were fighting desj)erately. In this ter- 
rible cavalry combat every j)ossible weapon was utilized. This jjhotograph of Pleasonton on the right, who 
commanded all the cavalry at Gettysburg, and of the dashing Custer, was taken thrtn; months before. 



Cavalrymen at the Battle of Gettysburg 




A <AVAF,11Y LEADKU AT (.i: 1 1 '^ SIU1{(; (iKNKK AI. DWID M.M. (,Ki:(>(i AND MAI'F 



Tlic FciI<t;i1 army :il (Irl lyslmrj; owccl iiuhIi In llir ("u.-ilrv. As (id I yshurf; was llic tiiniiii^'-iiciinl in llic 
fiirliliics of llir I'liioii artiiy, it also marked an ipdcli in tin- ili\ i|(i|iiii(iit of tin- (•a\alry. trained in niclliods 
wlii<li wen- evoKcd fnun no foni^'n text -liook^. Iml from --lirn ixpiricMci- <in llic l)alll<-li('l<ls of America. 
Tlie Second Cavalry Division under (Ir'^;;; i>a trolled tlic ri^dil flank of tin' I'rdrraj arniv. with occasional 
skirtnisliing, until Stuart's arrival July :!d with the ("onfetlerate horse. (IrcLjii's di\i-.ion and Custer's 
l>rij,'a<le were then on llie ri^,'ht of llie line. Tlie eiisuirif; cavalry hatllc was one of tlie fien-est of the war. 
\\. II. 1'. Tree's l)riL;aile made the lipNt ihar;_'e for Stuart, as did the l''irsl Michi^'an <'avalry for Circgj^. 
( 'ounter<hari,'c followcil upon chart,'e. In a dash for a ( 'onfederale hat llcflag, Cai)tain Xeuhall was received 
I)y its hearer upon llu- [>oinl of the spear-head and hurled to liie ^'ronnd. Finally the Confederate I>rigade.s 
withdrew hehind their artillery, and the danger that Stuarl would strike the rear of the Union army simul- 
taneously with I'icketl's charge w;us piusscd. 'I'his pliolograph shows Gregg with the officers of his stafT. 



The Most Famous Photograph of General Lee 




•I CAN OXIA' SAY TIE IS A CONFEDERATE GRAY"— LEE OX "TRAVELLER" 



Tliis famous ])lu)t(it,M-;ii)li of Lee oil "Traveller" was taken liy Milcy, of Lcxiiitiloii, in ScptcinlxT. lS(i(i. In 
July of that year IJrady, (lanliicr, and Milcy Inuf tried to get ii i)liotograi)li of the general on liis liorse. Iml 
the weather was so hot and the (lie> aeeordiiigly so annoying tliat the pietnres were very poor. Hnl tlie 
Septemher picture has Keeonie i)rohaliIy the most popular ph<itograph in the Soutli. In the Army of 
Northern Virgiiiia the horse was almost as well known a> his master. It was foaletl near tlu; White Sul|)hur 
S|)rings in West Mrginia. and atlraeled the not ice of (u-neral Lee in lS(il. Lee"s all'eel ion for it was \'ery 
de( p and strong. ( )n it, ln' rode from Richmond lo Lexington to assiinn- his dul ic- as president of ^Vashingtorl 
College. During the remainder of his life "TraN-clh r " was his eonstart companion. His son i-ecords that 
the general enjoyed nothing more than a long ride, which gave him renewed energy for his work. In one 
of his letters while away from home he -aid: "How is Trax-cller? Tell him I miss hiiu dreadfully, and ha\c 
repente(l of our separation liut once and that is the whole time since we parted." 



Artillery Commander at the Battle of Gettysburg 




liiiii. \i>ii:it (,i.M;itAL K. !■. Ai.i;\\Mii;i! wim < kmmanued U)N(;sthkkts 
Aiii'ii.i.KHV Ai t.i:i I'i.^iii m; 

E. r. Alrvamlcr was tlic ( urifr.l.nil.- ..Ili,-,r «!„, o.nuMaii.lrcl l,<iiiKstri-.-l's citjlity niiii> in 111.' j;r.al artill.ry 
hiiltlr which prrccilcd riiki-H's r\mrni- ill ( Irlty.sliurK. He clllcml lh<- KiiKiiu-<T Ci.rps iif iho CnlifrdiTiili- 
iiriny April i. lH(i|, mul sitvimI du the slufT (if (irmTiil (i. T. Uniiin'Kiiril iis riiKimiT imd cliirf iif sikiihI si-rvicr 
till AiiKii>t of lliiit vijir. As chief iif onliiiinct' of Ihr Army of Norllicrii \irpniii. he <li.stiiiK>iishcil hiinsi-lf 
oil the lilixxly fii-lil of Aiitii'liiiii. lie ilirecteil the eighty pieovs on l^iiiKstreefs front iit (iettysliur),'. which 
prepun'd the wiiy for I'icki-tfs churKc until they had shot awiiy priirtieiilly all their iiininiinition. He was 
uitiuK chief of artillery in 1.oii(;slr<Tl's i-ori>s from SeplendHT W, IStiH, till Keliruary ill. ISGl, and was ap- 
poiiilid chief iif artillery of Ihe corps with which lie remained till Appoinallox. scrvinK in tln' Wihlerness. at 
SpoLsylvania, and the sieye of IVler.slinrK. On I'chruary i(i, 1S(H. he had Uvn appointed lirit!adier-(;eneral 
of Artillery. Within two weeks after I,«i'',s surrender he wiis at the Kraiulreth House ill New York city al- 

teinptiii),' to arranm- for a i imissioii in Ihi- Brazilian army. Ijitcr. he Ix'canie ({"■"•"''"I manager and president 

of various Southern railroads, (iovernmeiit director of the I'nion I'aeilie Kailroad Company from IHSj to 18S7, 
anil in lilDI ciit-ineer arl.ilralor in charge i.f Ihe moi.led Koiindary survey tx-twi-en < 'osta Hica anil Nicaragua. 



Pickett who Made the Final Charge at Gettysburg 




riCKKTT— TIIK IlKKO OF (IKTTYSBUHG 

Pickett's charge at the clusc i.f llic B:illlc cif (M-llysliurH is inic ..f the urcalcsf spi'c-larlcs in the wi.iia's lii.sloi-y. 
"(Icncral Lee's conduct after the chart;.-." write-, an Kiiglish c.il.ni.-l. ■'was perfectly MilpliTii.v He was eiif.'af,'eil 
ill rallying,' ami in cnccmrafiiiifr the l)rokcn t roups, ami was riiliiif; alioiil a lillle in front of the wooil. c|iiile ahinc. 
the \vli.,!e ,,f his staff KeinK cnKuneil in a similar inamier further to the n-ar. His fa.e. wl.i.li is always plaei.l 
an.l chceiful, .li.l not sh.iw sijiiis of the slifihli-sl ilisappoinlnicni. care or annoyauee; an.l he was aihlrcssiiif; to 
every soldier he met a fi-w words of eiicourat;c'in,-iil. such as 'All this will come rifiht in lh<- end— we'll talk il 
over afterward: hut, in the meantime, all goo.l men must rally- wi- want all ^'ood and t rm- im-n jiist now.' I'tr-. 
11.- spoke to all thewonml.-d men that |iasse,l him. ami the slifrhtly wounded he exl„.rte,| Mo himi up their hurts 

and Lake a musket' in this emergency. Very few failed to answer his a| al. ami I saw many hadly wounded 

ni.-n take ..ff their h.its ami clic-r him. He sai.l to me, 'This has been a very sad day for us. Colonel, a sad 
day; but wc can't e\p,rl alway- to i.rain \i. toi ie-. ' " 




LINCOLN' 

TIIi: LAST SITTING — (IV Till; l)AV OF I.KK's SllinKN-DKR 



On April 9. 180,'!, tlio very day of llic siirrt'iuliT of \av id .XpponmttDN, Linciiln, fur thr last time, went to the 
plMilnKrjiplicr's (jalliry, .\s lu- .sits in .sinipli- fiisliion sliiir|H>ninK bis prncil, tlir inan cif sorrows cannot forget tlio 
.sriisi' of wi-arini'.ss and pain that for four years lias IxH'n unbroki-n. No elation of triiiinpli ligliLs the features. 
One task is ended — the Nation is saved. Hut anotlier. se:irtvly le.ss exacting, confronts him. The States which 
liiy "out of their i>roper pra<'lical relation to IIm- liiinn." in his own phra.se, must Im- hroughl Iviek into a proper 
practical relation. Hut this tjisk was not for liiiii. Only five days later the .sjid eyes rene<-t<-<l upon this page 
closed forever upon .sc<-ncs of carlhly liiriiioil. Bereft of Lincoln's hciirl and hiiid. l«iders attacked problems of 
recoasi ruction in ways that proved uiiwisi-. .\s the mists of p^ussion and pn'jiidice clnirtsl away, both North and 
South came to fifl that this patient, wi.se. and sympalhetie ruler wius one of llic few nsilly great men in history, 
and I lull he would live forever in the hearts of men made belter by his presence during those four years of storm. 



(grttyiilntrg as tlje (Sr^at Nattnual i^Itriu^ 

Sriitratrii tn thr l^rrfltsm nf thr Amrrirau ^oliiirr 

GETTYSBURG — as the years pass by — will liecoiue more and more the Meeca fur 
the people from all i)arts of the earth. They will learn that it has been on 
sueh battleground as this that progress has forged its way; that liberty has been 
unshackled; that civilization has moved — at least until the day when man discovered 
more humane processes for his evolutionary course. 

Gettysburg always will be hallowed ground, for it was here that the greatest 
suecch in American history was delivered when that man of i)riniitive power, Abraham Lincoln, 
s])oke the immortal words on that 19th day of November, in 1863, when the battleground was 
dedicated as a National Cemetery. It is here that many great orations have been delivered; it 
is here that magnificent monuments have been reared in memory of the dead; it is here that the 
patriarchs of both armies retm-ned, on the July days exactly fifty years after the battle, to meet as 
friends — not foes — and again to pledge their loyalty to tlicir beloved country on the .semi- 
centennial of the Battle of Gettysburg. 



Sy iFrauria iflilrii 3fxnth 



By the flow of the inhiiid river. 

Whence the fleets of iron have M.-.i. 
Where the blades of the grave-gra^is qi 
A.sleep are the ranks of the dead : 
Under the sod and the dew, 

Waiting the judgment-day; 
Under the one, the lilue. 
Under tlie other, the Gray. 

The.M- in th.' n.l.ings of glory. 

TU.,.v in Ih.- gl....m of defeat. 
.Ml uith Ihr l.attle-lih)udgory, 
In the dusk iil' eternity meet: 
Under llie soil and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment-day; 
Under the hiurel, the Blue, 
Under the willow, the Gray. 

From tlie .silencv cif >orniwful Imurs 

The desolate mourners go. 
Lovingly laden with flowers 

-Mike for the friend and the foe: 
Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment-day; 
Under the roses, the Blue, 
Under the lilies, the (iray. 



So with an equal splendor. 

The morning sun-rays fall, 
With a touch impartially tender, 
On the blossoms blooming for all : 
Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment-day; 
Broidered with gold, the Blue. 
Mellowed with gold, the Gray. 

So, when tlie summer calleth. 

On the forest and Held uf grain. 
With an e(|ual murmur f.-illclli 
The cooling drip of the rain: 
Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment-day; 
Wet with the rain, the Blue. 
Wet with the rain, the (iray. 

Sadly, but not with upbraiding. 
The generous deed was ilone. 
In the storm of the years that arc fad 
\o braver battle was won: 
Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment-day; 
Under the bluss,,m^. the Blue, 
Uriih-r the garlands, the (iray. 



Xo more- shall the way-cry sever. 

Or the winding rivers be red; 
They banish our anger forever 
When they laurel the graves of 
Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment -day; 
Love and tears for the Blue, 
Tears and love for the Oa' 



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